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All Journal Jurnal Ilmu Kepolisian RETORIKA: Journal of Law, Social, and Humanities Human Rights et Justicia
Tata Eliestiana Dyah A
Fakultas Hukum, Universitas Nahdlatul Ulama Nusa Tenggara Barat
Humanities Law, Crime, Criminology & Criminal Justice Social Sciences

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Rekonstruksi Historis Relasi Hukum dan Hak Asasi Manusia di Indonesia: Analisis Komparatif Perspektif Barat dan Islam Jamaludin Jamaludin; Tata Eliestiana Dyah A; Andi Mulyan
Human Rights et Justicia Vol. 1 No. 2 (2026): Human Rights et Justicia
Publisher : Yayasan Abdurrauf Cendekia Nusantara

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.70742/hrj.v1i2.586

Abstract

Human rights are fundamental rights inherent in every individual and constitute a core element of the rule of law. However, despite their formal recognition within the Indonesian legal system, persistent human rights violations continue to occur, indicating a gap between legal norms and their practical enforcement. In addition, existing studies on human rights in Indonesia tend to be partial, as they often examine either Western legal perspectives or Islamic perspectives separately, without integrating them within a comprehensive historical framework. This study aims to reconstruct the historical relationship between law and human rights in Indonesia through a comparative analysis of Western and Islamic perspectives. This research employs normative legal methods using statutory, conceptual, and historical approaches. The findings reveal that the development of human rights in Indonesia is shaped by the interaction between Western legal traditions rooted in natural law theory and Islamic traditions based on divine values. Although these perspectives differ in their philosophical foundations, they converge in emphasizing human dignity as a fundamental value. This study contributes by offering an integrative framework that bridges these two traditions in understanding the relationship between law and human rights in Indonesia, and highlights the importance of aligning legal norms, moral values, and law enforcement practices in achieving a substantive rule of law. [Hak asasi manusia merupakan hak-hak mendasar yang melekat pada setiap individu dan merupakan unsur inti dari supremasi hukum. Namun, meskipun telah diakui secara formal dalam sistem hukum Indonesia, pelanggaran hak asasi manusia terus terjadi yang menunjukkan adanya kesenjangan antara norma-norma hukum dan penegakannya dalam praktik. Selain itu, berbagai studi yang ada mengenai hak asasi manusia di Indonesia cenderung bersifat parsial, karena hanya mengkaji perspektif hukum Barat atau perspektif Islam secara terpisah, tanpa mengintegrasikannya dalam kerangka sejarah yang komprehensif. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk merekonstruksi hubungan historis antara hukum dan hak asasi manusia di Indonesia melalui analisis komparatif antara perspektif Barat dan Islam. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode hukum normatif dengan pendekatan yuridis, konseptual, dan historis. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa perkembangan hak asasi manusia di Indonesia dipengaruhi oleh hubungan antara tradisi hukum Barat yang berakar pada teori hukum alam dan tradisi Islam yang didasarkan pada nilai-nilai ilahi. Meskipun kedua perspektif ini memiliki landasan filosofis yang berbeda, keduanya memiliki kesamaan dalam menekankan martabat manusia sebagai nilai fundamental. Studi ini memberikan kontribusi dengan menawarkan kerangka integratif yang menjembatani kedua tradisi tersebut dalam memahami hubungan antara hukum dan hak asasi manusia di Indonesia, serta menegaskan pentingnya menyelaraskan norma-norma hukum, nilai-nilai moral, dan praktik penegakan hukum dalam mewujudkan supremasi hukum yang substantif.]
PRINSIP-PRINSIP HUKUM DAN BENTUK PENYELESAIAN SENGKETA KONTRAK DAGANG INTERNASIONAL Tata Eliestiana Dyah A; Jamaludin Jamaludin
RETORIKA: Journal of Law, Social, and Humanities Vol. 3 No. 1 (2024): Retorika: Journal of Law, Social, and Humanities
Publisher : Fakultas Hukum Universitas Nahdlatul Ulama Nusa Tenggara Barat

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.69503/retorika.v3i1.1552

Abstract

Abstract International business contracts regulate the legal relations of parties across countries within different legal systems, potentially creating legal uncertainty if not carefully formulated. The existence of a choice of law clause is a crucial element in international trade contracts to ensure legal certainty, provide protection for the parties, and prevent future disputes. This study aims to analyze the legal principles underlying international trade contracts and examine the dispute resolution mechanisms used in international business contract practice. This study uses a normative legal research method with a statutory and conceptual approach. The legal materials used include primary, secondary, and tertiary legal materials. The collection of legal materials was carried out through literature studies, with legal material analysis using the legal interpretation method. The research findings show that the principles of international commercial contract law, including party autonomy, choice of law, and good faith, serve as the foundation for ensuring legal certainty and balancing the interests of parties across jurisdictions. Supporting principles such as lex loci contractus, real connection, and separability clauses ensure legal enforceability when the choice of law is unclear or the contract is disputed. In dispute resolution practice, litigation and ADR mechanisms are strategically applied, with arbitration occupying a primary role due to its final, binding, and easily enforceable cross-border nature, while mediation and other forms of ADR serve as cooperative mechanisms to maintain business relationships. The integration of these principles with dispute resolution mechanisms underscores the importance of legal norm harmonization and contractual efficiency in international commercial transactions.
Pacta Sunt Servanda, Electronic Agreements, and Police Evidentiary Practice Heru Sunardi; Jamaludin; Tata Eliestiana Dyah A; Anggi Purnama Tradesa
Jurnal Ilmu Kepolisian Vol 20 No 2 (2026): Jurnal Ilmu Kepolisian Volume 20 Nomor 2 Tahun 2026
Publisher : Sekolah Tinggi Ilmu Kepolisian

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.35879/jik.v20i2.736

Abstract

Electronic agreements are increasingly used in online sales, platform services, online credit, and digital commercial transactions. Their binding force is commonly justified through pacta sunt servanda under Article 1338 of the Indonesian Civil Code. However, electronic agreements create problems that cannot be resolved by repeating classical civil-law doctrine alone, because electronic consent, standard clauses, authentication, electronic signatures, system reliability, and electronic evidence affect whether a digital agreement is valid, fair, enforceable, and provable. This article analyses how the binding force of electronic agreements should be interpreted under the Indonesian Civil Code, Law Number 11 of 2008 concerning Electronic Information and Transactions as amended by Law Number 19 of 2016 and Law Number 1 of 2024, Government Regulation Number 71 of 2019, and consumer-protection principles. It also explains the relevance of electronic agreements to police handling of digital transaction disputes and online fraud complaints. This study uses normative legal research with statutory, conceptual, and issue-based approaches. Primary legal materials include the Civil Code, the ITE Law and its amendments, Government Regulation Number 71 of 2019, and relevant rules on electronic evidence and standard clauses. The findings of this study demonstrate that electronic agreements bind the parties only when electronic consent is legally meaningful, the contractual clauses are not contrary to good faith or fairness, and the electronic system can support evidentiary reliability. In police practice, electronic agreements are relevant as initial evidentiary materials for distinguishing ordinary contractual default from online fraud. Thus, pacta sunt servanda in electronic agreements must be interpreted proportionally: it protects legal certainty, but it is limited by valid consent, good faith, consumer protection, system reliability, and evidentiary accountability.
Co-Authors Andi Mulyan Anggi Purnama Tradesa Heru Sunardi Jamaludin Jamaludin Jamaludin Jamaludin Jamaludin