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All Journal Kwaghe International Journal of Sciences and Technology African Journal of Clinical Medicine and Pharmacy Research
Ogunmola A.O
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Agriculture, Biological Sciences & Forestry Biochemistry, Genetics & Molecular Biology Chemical Engineering, Chemistry & Bioengineering Environmental Science Immunology & microbiology Law, Crime, Criminology & Criminal Justice Medicine & Pharmacology Nursing Public Health Social Sciences

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Assessment of Malaria Parasite Intensity in Mono-Infected and Typhoid Co-Infected Patients Attending Selected Health Facilities in Wukari, Taraba State John-Zakka U. E; Agere H. I. J; Amos T. J; Ogunmola A.O; Abdulrasheed M. H; Yafriyau E. P
Kwaghe International Journal of Sciences and Technology Vol 3 No 1 (2026): Kwaghe International Journal of Sciences and Technology
Publisher : Darul Yasin Al Sys

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.58578/kijst.v3i1.8793

Abstract

This study compared malaria parasite intensity in mono-infection and in co-infection with typhoid among febrile patients attending selected health facilities in Wukari. A total of 418 patients were enrolled based on clinical diagnosis of febrile illness, and from each patient blood and stool samples were collected for blood film examination and stool culture, respectively. Overall, 75.3% of malaria-positive cases had low parasite intensity, whereas 24.7% had higher parasite density, with a statistically significant difference (p < 0.001). Among the 83 patients with malaria mono-infection, low-intensity (+) parasitemia was more frequent than high-intensity parasitemia. By contrast, in malaria–typhoid co-infection, 68.9% of patients with Salmonella co-infection had high malaria parasite intensity and 31.1% had low intensity, with an overall p value < 0.011. The odds ratio of 6.766 indicates that individuals with high malaria intensity have approximately sevenfold higher odds of developing typhoid fever compared with those with low malaria intensity. These results suggest that elevated malaria parasite density in co-infected patients is associated with a greater risk of typhoid and indicate that healthcare providers should maintain heightened vigilance for severe malaria presentations in patients with concurrent typhoid infection. The findings further underscore the need for comprehensive control programs targeting mosquito breeding sites and public education on improved sanitation to reduce the burden of malaria and typhoid co-infection.
This Study Compared the Malaria Parasite Intensity in Cases of Mono-Infection and Co-Infection with Typhoid among the Patients Attending Selected Health Facilities in Wukari, Taraba State John-Zakka U.E; Agere H.I.J; Amos T.J; Ogunmola A.O; Abdulrasheed M.H; Yafriyau E.P
African Journal of Clinical Medicine and Pharmacy Research Vol 3 No 2 (2026): African Journal of Clinical Medicine and Pharmacy Research
Publisher : Darul Yasin Al Sys

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.58578/ajcmpr.v3i2.9080

Abstract

This study compared malaria parasite intensity in mono-infection and in co-infection with typhoid among febrile patients attending selected health facilities in Wukari, Nigeria. A total of 418 clinically diagnosed febrile patients were enrolled, and from each, blood and stool samples were collected for blood film examination and stool culture, respectively. Overall, 75.3% of malaria-positive cases had low parasite intensity, whereas 24.7% had higher parasite density, with a statistically significant difference (p < 0.001). Among the 83 patients with malaria mono-infection, low-intensity (+) parasitemia was more frequent than high-intensity parasitemia, indicating that uncomplicated malaria is more commonly associated with lower parasite density. In contrast, among co-infected cases, 68.9% of patients with high malaria intensity were co-infected with Salmonella (typhoid), while 31.1% of patients with low malaria intensity were co-infected, with an overall p value < 0.011. The odds ratio of 6.766 indicates that individuals with high malaria intensity have approximately sevenfold higher odds of developing typhoid fever compared to those with low malaria intensity. These findings suggest that elevated malaria parasite density is strongly associated with typhoid co-infection and underscore the need for healthcare providers to maintain heightened vigilance for severe malaria presentations in patients with concurrent typhoid infection. The study concludes that a comprehensive control program targeting vector breeding sites and improving sanitation and public health education is essential to reduce the burden of malaria–typhoid co-infection in the study area.
Co-Authors Abdulrasheed M. H Abdulrasheed M.H Agere H. I. J Agere H.I.J Amos T. J Amos T.J John-Zakka U. E John-Zakka U.E Yafriyau E. P Yafriyau E.P