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All Journal African Journal of Clinical Medicine and Pharmacy Research African Journal of Medicine, Surgery and Public Health Research
Ifeanyi Abraham Onwuezobe
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Biochemistry, Genetics & Molecular Biology Immunology & microbiology Medicine & Pharmacology Nursing Public Health

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Burkholderia Cepacia Complex: A Cause of Dental Caries in Uyo, Southern Nigeria State Mary Athanasius Udoh; Ifeanyi Abraham Onwuezobe; Anthony Nathaniel Umo; Victoria Intimate Kingsley; Amina Jummai Shehu
African Journal of Clinical Medicine and Pharmacy Research Vol 2 No 2 (2025): African Journal of Clinical Medicine and Pharmacy Research
Publisher : Darul Yasin Al Sys

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.58578/ajcmpr.v2i2.5121

Abstract

Background. Dental caries is a common oral disease worldwide, and it affects above 90% of the population. Several bacteria species are implicated in caries; many of which are the normal microbiota of the buccal cavity. These bacteria are often opportunistic. Caries process starts from proliferation of oral flora, establishment of non-oral bacteria, and production of biofilm leading to plaque formation. This serves as a shield for pathogenic bacteria from being eliminated by antibiotics. The aim of this study was to find out the dominant bacteria of caries in Uyo, and factors that influence their occurrence. Methods. One hundred and twenty plaque samples of participants were analyzed using standard laboratory methods; biochemical and antibiotics susceptibility tests results were obtained using Vitek 2 System (bioMe´rieux). CTX-M, TEM and OXA resistance genes were analyzed for, and were amplified on an ABI 9700 Applied Biosystems thermal cycler using pre-determined conditions set. Results. Nine (9 (33.3%) Gram-positive bacteria and 18 (66.7%) Gram-negative bacterial isolates were obtained. The dominant isolate was Burkholderia cepacia complex 7 (25.9%), while some of the least were; Pediococcus pentosaceus 1 (3.7%) and Klebsiella pneumoniae 1 (3.7%). Ceftazidime was the antibiotic B. cepacia were mostly resistant to, but greatly sensitive to Amikacin and Tobramycin. Six B. cepacia isolates (out of 7 identified) were further analyzed molecularly by 16s rRNA sequencing. Burkholderia cenocepacia (2 isolates) and Burkholderia cepacia (4 isolates) were the two species identified. Conclusions. B. cepacia complex is known to cause major complications in cystic fibrosis and immunocompromised patients. Therefore, it is a major health challenge for it to be implicated in caries in Uyo, as it can easily spread to different parts of the body (the lungs inclusive) through the carious tooth. It is also an established fact that B. cepacia resistance genes rapidly disseminate, making treatment difficult.
Phenotypic Detection and Risk Factors of Bacteria Aetiological Agents of Dental Caries in Patients in Uyo Nigeria Ifeanyi Abraham Onwuezobe; Mary Athanasius Udoh; Agantem Emmanuel Ekuma; Mary Bondick Takon; Faith Amarachi Ngwu
African Journal of Medicine, Surgery and Public Health Research Vol 2 No 2 (2025): African Journal of Medicine, Surgery and Public Health Research
Publisher : Darul Yasin Al Sys

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.58578/ajmsphr.v2i2.5303

Abstract

Background. Dental caries is a highly prevalent oral disease that affects approximately 100% of individuals in the society. This disease causes severe damage to the teeth. Several acidophilic bacteria are implicated in the disease. This research was done to detect bacterial agents and risk factors implicated in caries in Uyo, Nigeria. Methods. A total of 120 dental plaque samples were cultured. Vitek 2 System (bioMe´rieux) was used for biochemical characterization and antibiotic susceptibility of isolates. Results. Several bacterial species (Thirteen) were obtained from significant culture growth of 27 (22.5%). Burkholderia cepacia group were 7(5.8%), and the most prevalent. Enterococcus faecalis 1(0.8%), Enterococcus spp (non E. faecalis) 1(0.8%), Pediococcus pentosaceus 1(0.8%), Kocuria kristinae 1(0.8%), Serratia ficaria 2(1.7%), Klebsiella pneumoniae 1(0.8%), Acinetobacter spp 1(0.8%) and Enterobacter cloacae ssp dissolvens 1(0.8%) were the least prevalent isolates. This study showed new bacteria species being implicated in caries, and high consumption of sugary foods being the main risk factor of caries. Conclusions. The identification of novel bacteria species in caries, and the attribution of staple foods as the lead risk factor of caries amongst dental caries patients in Uyo is a cause for alarm, as most of these people rely on carbohydrates for their daily food, as the soil of their farmlands are most favourable in yielding carbohydrate crops compared to other crops. Hence, there is need for frequent health enlightenment program, especially in the urban areas on adverse effect of frequent snacking and/or eating carbohydrates without rinsing the mouth frequently to rid it of food debris.
Co-Authors Agantem Emmanuel Ekuma Amina Jummai Shehu Anthony Nathaniel Umo Faith Amarachi Ngwu Mary Athanasius Udoh Mary Bondick Takon Victoria Intimate Kingsley