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All Journal IPTEK The Journal of Engineering Jurnal Mahasiswa: Jurnal Ilmiah Penalaran dan Penelitian Mahasiswa
Muhammad Fakhrudin Zukhri
Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember
Chemical Engineering, Chemistry & Bioengineering Civil Engineering, Building, Construction & Architecture Computer Science & IT Economics, Econometrics & Finance Electrical & Electronics Engineering Engineering Mechanical Engineering Social Sciences

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Ekstraksi Kitin Dan Kitosan Tulang Sotong Menggunakan Teknologi Microwave Muhammad Fakhrudin Zukhri; Putri Elvita Dewi Putri Elvita Dewi; Joshfira Eurika Widianto Joshfira Eurika Widianto; Siti Masruroh Siti Masruroh
Jurnal Mahasiswa: Jurnal Ilmiah Penalaran dan Penelitian Mahasiswa Vol. 7 No. 01 (2025): Jurnal Mahasiswa Maret 2025
Publisher : Universitas Sains dan Teknologi Komputer

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.51903/jurnalmahasiswa.v7i1.983

Abstract

The increasing production within the seafood processing industry has resulted in a significant rise in the volume of marine waste. A major component of this waste is chitin, which can be derived from the shells of shrimp, crabs, and other marine organisms. This offers substantial potential for processing marine waste into high-value products such as chitosan. Chitosan exhibits numerous physiological functions, including biodegradability, biocompatibility, non-toxicity, anticancer properties, lipid-lowering effects, and immune-enhancing capabilities. This study aims to extract chitin and chitosan from cuttlefish bone waste using microwave irradiation methods and to evaluate the effectiveness of microwave irradiation in improving the efficiency and quality of chitin and chitosan extraction compared to conventional methods. The extracted chitin and chitosan were analyzed and characterized using Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) to identify functional groups and UV-Vis spectrophotometry. The FTIR analysis results demonstrated the successful deacetylation of chitin into chitosan. This was marked by a broad peak in the range of 3200–3500 cm⁻¹, representing the stretching vibrations of hydroxyl (-OH) and amine (-NH) groups. The peak at 2922 cm⁻¹ corresponded to C-H vibrations from methyl (-CH) and methylene (-CH₂) groups. The reduction in the intensity of the carbonyl (C=O) peak at 1650 cm⁻¹ indicated the removal of most acetyl groups, while the peak at 1560 cm⁻¹ suggested the presence of primary amine (-NH₂) groups, which are characteristic of chitosan’s structure. These findings highlight the potential of microwave irradiation as an effective method for the extraction of high-quality chitosan from marine waste, providing a sustainable solution for waste utilization in the seafood processing industry. Further investigations could explore the optimization of microwave parameters to enhance the yield and functional properties of chitosan for various applications.
Optimization of Bioethanol Production From Chlorella Vulgaris With Ca2+,Mg2+, and Zn2+ Ion Suplements Through Separated Hydrolysis and Fermentation Using Respon Surface Methodology Muhammad Fakhrudin Zukhri; Afan Hamzah; Muhamad Khoirul Anam
IPTEK The Journal of Engineering Vol. 11 No. 1 (2025)
Publisher : Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.12962/j23378557.v11i1.a22740

Abstract

Indonesia, with its wealth of natural resources, has the potential to develop bioethanol as an alternative to diminishing fossil energy sources. Third-generation bioethanol is a form of renewable energy and an environmentally friendly fuel derived from non-conventional biomass resources, particularly from microorganisms such as algae and cyanobacteria. This study focuses on optimizing the bioethanol production process from the microalga Chlorella vulgaris using the Separated Hydrolysis and Fermentation (SHF) method, with the addition of calcium ions (Ca^2+), magnesium ions (Mg^2+), and zinc ions (Zn^2+) to enhance bioethanol yield and concentration. The research procedure includes raw material pretreatment, acid hydrolysis, liquefaction, saccharification, fermentation, and distillation. The distillate samples are analyzed for bioethanol concentration using a refractometer and bioethanol density with a pycnometer. The effect of added medium components on the fermentation process is statistically analyzed using Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) in MINITAB Statistical Software and Response Surface Methodology (RSM) in DESIGN EXPERT 13. Statistical optimization of the fermentation process is performed using Central Composite Design (CCD). ANOVA analysis reveals significance with a P-Value < 0.0001 for bioethanol yield and concentration. Optimization results indicate an optimal yield of 17.087 percent with a concentration of 165.592 grams per liter, achieved with the addition of Ca^2+ at 164.755 parts per million, Mg^2+ at 146.279 parts per million, and Zn^2+ at 38.516 parts per million.
Co-Authors Afan Hamzah, Afan Joshfira Eurika Widianto Joshfira Eurika Widianto Muhamad Khoirul Anam Putri Elvita Dewi Putri Elvita Dewi Siti Masruroh Siti Masruroh