<![CDATA[Background: Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) and Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (AIDS) remain major global public health challenges. Although no curative treatment is available, disease progression and transmission can be effectively controlled through antiretroviral therapy (ART). In Indonesia, including Riau Province, HIV and AIDS cases continue to increase, particularly among key populations and individuals of productive age. Persistent stigma and discrimination remain critical barriers to prevention, early detection, and access to treatment services. Objective: This study aims to describe the distribution and temporal trends of HIV and AIDS cases in Riau Province from 2012 to 2021 using official surveillance data. Methods: A quantitative descriptive study was conducted using secondary data obtained from the Riau Provincial Health Profile. The data were analyzed systematically to identify patterns and trends in HIV and AIDS cases over a ten-year period and were presented graphically to facilitate interpretation. Results: The findings revealed a fluctuating but overall increasing trend in HIV and AIDS cases in Riau Province between 2012 and 2021. The highest proportion of cases occurred among individuals aged 25–49 years. Males accounted for more than 79% of reported HIV and AIDS cases in 2021. The predominant risk factors included unprotected sexual intercourse, high-risk sexual behaviors, and the use of non-sterile needles. Stigma and discrimination were identified as major obstacles hindering early diagnosis and utilization of healthcare services. Comprehensive prevention strategies, including health education, strengthened health services, and biomedical interventions such as ART, pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP), and post-exposure prophylaxis (PEP), are therefore essential. Conclusion: HIV and AIDS remain a significant public health concern in Riau Province. Integrated, multisectoral approaches are required to reduce transmission and mitigate the impact of HIV and AIDS sustainably.]]>
