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All Journal KATALIS: Jurnal Penelitian Kimia dan Pendidikan Kimia Journal of Applied Agricultural Science and Technology
Daning Kinanti Sutama
Universitas Nahdlatul Ulama Pasuruan
Agriculture, Biological Sciences & Forestry Chemistry Education

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Phytochemical Profile and Antioxidant Activity of Ethanolic Extracts from Selected Wild Medicinal Plants: Azadirachta indica, Acalypha indica, and Muntingia malabura Nadya Rizkita; Diana Novita Sari; Daning Kinanti Sutama
Journal of Applied Agricultural Science and Technology Vol. 9 No. 3 (2025): Journal of Applied Agricultural Science and Technology
Publisher : Green Engineering Society

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.55043/jaast.v9i3.387

Abstract

Azadirachta indica, Acalypha indica, and Muntingia calabura are wild plants with antioxidant content capable of treating various diseases. This study aims to evaluate phytochemical compound screening using qualitative tests and to characterize them using FT-IR (Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy) in Azadirachta indica, Acalypha indica, and Muntingia Calabura, as well as to assess total phenolic content (TPC), flavonoid content (TFC), and antioxidant potential. The results showed that Azadirachta indica and Acalypha indica contained alkaloids, flavonoids, tannins, saponins, phenols, glycosides, steroids, and carbohydrates but lacked proteins and triterpenoids. In contrast, Muntingia Calabura leaf extract lacked glycosides, triterpenoids, and carbohydrates. The highest TPC content in Muntingia Calabura extract was 269.88±0.00 mg GAE/gr extract, and the highest TFC was found in Azadirachta indica extract at 676.34±21.85 mg CE/gr extract. The ethanol extract of Azadirachta indica and Muntingia Calabura leaves has very strong antioxidant activity, with IC₅₀ values of 32.76 ± 3.02 ppm and 31.16 ± 1.96 ppm, respectively, while Acalypha indica had an IC₅₀ value of 107.71 ± 3.55 ppm, indicating a moderate level of antioxidant activity. These results support the potential of the three medicinal plants as sources of natural antioxidants. The findings can stimulate further research to isolate key bioactive compounds and perform toxicity tests to support potential applications in the pharmaceutical and food industries.
PENGARUH JENIS PELARUT TERHADAP RENDEMAN, KANDUNGAN FLAVONOID TOTAL, DAN SAPONIN EKSTRAK DAUN SIRIH HIJAU (Piper betle L.) MENGGUNAKAN METODE SOKLETASI lutfiyatul mukhlisah; Erina Endah Kusuma Wardani; Daning Kinanti Sutama; Maghfiroh Maghfiroh
KATALIS: Jurnal Penelitian Kimia dan Pendidikan Kimia Vol 9 No 2 (2026): Jurnal Katalis Volume 9 Nomor 2 Tahun 2026
Publisher : Universitas Samudra

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.33059/katalis.v9i2.14977

Abstract

Green betel leaves (Piper betle L.) contain secondary metabolite compounds such as flavonoids and saponins, which have potential as antioxidants and antimicrobials. The choice of solvent type affects the effectiveness of extracting these compounds. This study aimed to determine the effect of solvent type on the extraction results of flavonoids and saponins from green betel leaves using the soxhletation method. Extraction was carried out using 25 grams of sample at a temperature of 60–90°C for 4 hours with three types of solvents, namely 96% ethanol, ethyl acetate, and n-hexane. Each treatment was performed in triplicate. The obtained extracts were tested for flavonoid and saponin content qualitatively, and total flavonoid levels were determined using UV-Vis spectrophotometry. The results showed that ethanol gave the highest flavonoid intensity (++++), followed by ethyl acetate (+++) and n-hexane (+). The saponin test showed positive results for ethanol and n-hexane, while ethyl acetate yielded negative results. The highest total flavonoid content was obtained with ethyl acetate at 637.1 mg QE/g, followed by 96% ethanol at 631.7 mg QE/g, and n-hexane at 243.4 mg QE/g. Based on these results, ethyl acetate was the most effective solvent for extracting total flavonoids, while 96% ethanol was able to extract both flavonoids and saponins more broadly.
Co-Authors Diana Novita Sari Erina Endah Kusuma Wardani lutfiyatul mukhlisah Maghfiroh Maghfiroh Nadya Rizkita