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A Literature Review on the Effectiveness of Problem-Based Learning in Enhancing Biology Students’ Problem Solving Skills and Learning Outcomes Risalatul Muawanah; Ananda Fitri Ar Ridho; Nuril Badriyah; Fatimatus Zahro; Yamin Yamin
Equator Science Journal Vol. 3 No. 2 (2025): Equator Science Journal (ESJ)
Publisher : CV. Dharma Samakta Edukhatulistiwa

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Abstract

This study aims to review the effectiveness of the Problem-Based Learning (PBL) learning model in improving students' problem-solving skills and learning outcomes in Biology. This study was conducted using a literature review method of relevant national and international articles. Data sources were obtained through a Google Scholar search with the keywords "Problem-Based Learning" and "Biology", and were selected based on the criteria of the year of publication (2018–2024), relevance to the field of science, and presentation of quantitative data. The analysis techniques used include descriptive analysis, content analysis, and critical analysis. The results of the study show that the PBL model consistently improves students' learning outcomes and critical thinking skills compared to conventional methods. The increase in students' average scores was recorded between 4% and 24%, depending on the combination of approaches, such as audio-visual-based PBL, concept mapping, scaffolding, and role playing. In addition to cognitive aspects, PBL has also been shown to strengthen students' social skills, including cooperation, communication, and self-confidence in group discussions. The success of implementing this model is highly dependent on the role of the teacher as a facilitator, students' readiness for independent learning, and the support of interactive media. Therefore, PBL is recommended to be applied in Biology learning as an approach that can improve students' academic achievements as well as 21st century competencies.
The Role of Mediation in Alternative Dispute Resolution as an Effective Solution for Non-Litigation Dispute Resolution Fatimatus Zahro
Demagogi: Journal of Social Sciences, Economics and Education Vol. 3 No. 3 (2025): June
Publisher : Penerbit Hellow Pustaka

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.61166/demagogi.v3i3.84

Abstract

Alternative Dispute Resolution (ADR) is a dispute resolution approach that prioritizes solutions outside of litigation, with the aim of creating a faster, cheaper, and more efficient process. One of the main methods in ADR is mediation, which offers a participatory and collaborative approach between the disputing parties. This article examines the role of mediation in ADR as an effective solution for non-litigation dispute resolution, focusing on the working mechanism, advantages, and challenges faced. This study uses a qualitative approach with literature review and case analysis methods to describe the effectiveness of mediation in various types of disputes, including business, family, and environmental disputes. The results of the study indicate that mediation has great potential in creating win-win solutions without the need for a complicated court process. The success of mediation is greatly influenced by the neutrality of the mediator, openness of communication, and the commitment of the parties to resolve the dispute peacefully. This article also highlights the challenges in implementing mediation, such as the lack of public understanding of ADR and the limited number of professional mediators. Recommendations are given to enhance the role of mediation through strengthening regulations, mediator training, and public awareness campaigns. Thus, mediation can be an effective and sustainable alternative in resolving disputes in the modern era.