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Income inequality across provinces in Indonesia: An empirical analysis of human development, economic performance, and labor market conditions Al Bina; Leni Kurnia Optari; Heni Widiya
Priviet Social Sciences Journal Vol. 5 No. 6 (2025): June 2025
Publisher : Privietlab

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.55942/pssj.v5i6.617

Abstract

Income inequality is one of the structural challenges faced by many countries, including Indonesia. This phenomenon reflects an unequal distribution of income across regions, which can lead to social injustice and hinder the process of economic development. This study aims to analyze the effects of the Human Development Index (HDI), economic growth, and unemployment rates on income inequality across 34 provinces in Indonesia over the period 2019–2024. The method employed is panel data regression analysis. The findings reveal that the unemployment rate has a positive and significant effect on income inequality. The HDI shows a significant negative effect, while economic growth does not exhibit a statistically significant impact. These findings highlight the importance of policies that prioritize job creation and human development in addressing inequality. Economic growth strategies should also be designed to be more inclusive.
PEMBERDAYAAN UMKM DESA PERKEBUNAN SEI BEJANGKAR MELALUI SOSIALISASI BRANDING PRODUK DAN PEMASARAN DIGITAL BERBASIS MANAJEMEN USAHA KREATIF Hilmiatussahla Hilmiatussahla; Albina Albina; Heni Widiya; Ibnu Atthoillah; Karina Puteri Siregar
Jurnal Pemberdayaan Sosial dan Teknologi Masyarakat Vol. 5 No. 2 (2025): Desember 2025
Publisher : Smart Education

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.54314/jpstm.v5i2.5339

Abstract

Abstract: This community service activity was carried out as part of the implementation of the Tri Dharma of Higher Education, focusing on empowering Micro, Small, and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs) in Sei Bejangkar Plantation Village, Sei Balai Subdistrict, Batubara Regency. The primary issue faced by local entrepreneurs was the lack of product branding, poor packaging, and limited understanding of digital marketing strategies. To address these problems, the service team implemented a participatory approach through observation, socialization, training, and direct mentoring. The program aimed to strengthen the creative business management capacity of MSMEs by introducing concepts of brand identity, product design, and the use of digital platforms such as Google Maps Business, WhatsApp Business, Facebook, and Instagram. The activities were carried out for one month with active participation from both local entrepreneurs and village officials. The results of the program showed a significant increase in participants’ understanding of branding and digital marketing, as well as their ability to apply creative management in daily business operations. Several MSMEs successfully created logos, product labels, and online promotional accounts, resulting in broader market reach. In addition, participants demonstrated higher motivation and creativity in developing new product ideas. This activity also strengthened social collaboration between universities, local governments, and communities as an effective model for sustainable rural economic empowerment. The implementation of creative business management combined with digital literacy proved to be a practical and impactful strategy to support local economic independence in the digital era. Keywords: MSMEs, product branding, digital marketing, creative business management, empowerment Abstrak: Kegiatan pengabdian masyarakat ini merupakan bagian dari pelaksanaan Tri Dharma Perguruan Tinggi yang berfokus pada pemberdayaan pelaku Usaha Mikro, Kecil, dan Menengah (UMKM) di Desa Perkebunan Sei Bejangkar, Kecamatan Sei Balai, Kabupaten Batubara. Permasalahan utama yang dihadapi pelaku usaha di wilayah ini adalah belum adanya identitas merek yang kuat, kemasan produk yang kurang menarik, serta keterbatasan pemahaman terhadap strategi pemasaran digital. Untuk mengatasi permasalahan tersebut, tim pengabdian menerapkan pendekatan partisipatif melalui kegiatan observasi lapangan, sosialisasi, pelatihan, dan pendampingan langsung kepada pelaku UMKM. Tujuan program ini adalah untuk memperkuat kapasitas manajemen usaha kreatif masyarakat melalui peningkatan kemampuan branding, pengemasan produk, serta pemanfaatan media digital seperti Google Maps Business, WhatsApp Business, Facebook, dan Instagram Business sebagai sarana promosi dan perluasan pasar. Kegiatan yang berlangsung selama satu bulan ini menghasilkan peningkatan signifikan dalam aspek pengetahuan dan keterampilan pelaku usaha. Para peserta mampu memahami konsep branding, membuat desain logo dan label produk, serta mengelola akun bisnis digital untuk memperluas jaringan pemasaran. Selain itu, muncul peningkatan motivasi, kreativitas, dan kesadaran masyarakat untuk mengembangkan potensi ekonomi lokal secara mandiri. Hasil kegiatan ini juga menunjukkan pentingnya kolaborasi antara universitas, pemerintah desa, dan masyarakat dalam menciptakan model pemberdayaan ekonomi pedesaan yang berkelanjutan. Penerapan manajemen usaha kreatif berbasis digital terbukti efektif meningkatkan daya saing UMKM dan memperkuat kemandirian ekonomi desa di era transformasi digital. Kata Kunci: UMKM, branding produk, pemasaran digital, manajemen kreatif, pemberdayaan
KONTRIBUSI SEKTOR BASIS DAN NON-BASIS TERHADAP PERTUMBUHAN EKONOMI KABUPATEN ASAHAN: ANALISIS LOCATION QUOTIENT Heni Widiya; Al Bina; Putri Pamularsih
JOURNAL OF SCIENCE AND SOCIAL RESEARCH Vol. 9 No. 1 (2026): February 2026
Publisher : Smart Education

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.54314/jssr.v9i1.5842

Abstract

Abstract : Asahan Regency is one of the districts in North Sumatra Province that has quite diverse economic potential, ranging from the agricultural sector, plantations, processing industry, trade, to services. The economic structure of Asahan Regency is inseparable from the role of leading sectors that are able to generate surpluses and encourage economic activities in other regions. This study aims to analyze the influence of the base sector and the non-base sector on economic growth in Asahan Regency during the period 2016–2024. This method uses a quantitative approach with secondary data obtained from the Central Statistics Agency. The determination of the base and non-base sectors was carried out using the Location Quotient method, while the analysis of its influence on economic growth used the Ordinary Least Square method. The results of show that there are four base sectors in Asahan Regency, namely the agriculture, forestry and fisheries sectors; the processing industry; large and retail trade; and other services. The value of the determination coefficient of 73.5% of the variation in economic growth can be explained by the base sector and the non-base sector, while the rest is influenced by other factors outside the research model. Keywords: Base Sector, Non-Base Sector, Economic Growth, Location Quotient Abstrak : Kabupaten Asahan merupakan salah satu kabupaten di Provinsi Sumatera Utara yang memiliki potensi ekonomi cukup beragam, mulai dari sektor pertanian, perkebunan, industri pengolahan, perdagangan, hingga jasa. Struktur perekonomian Kabupaten Asahan tidak terlepas dari peran sektor-sektor unggulan yang mampu menghasilkan surplus dan mendorong aktivitas ekonomi wilayah lain. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis pengaruh sektor basis dan sektor non basis terhadap pertumbuhan ekonomi di Kabupaten Asahan selama periode 2016–2024. Metode ini menggunakan pendekatan kuantitatif dengan data sekunder yang diperoleh dari Badan Pusat Statistik. Penentuan sektor basis dan non basis dilakukan menggunakan metode Location Quotient, sedangkan analisis pengaruhnya terhadap pertumbuhan ekonomi menggunakan metode Ordinary Least Square. Hasil menunjukkan bahwa terdapat empat sektor basis di Kabupaten Asahan, yaitu sektor pertanian, kehutanan dan perikanan; industri pengolahan; perdagangan besar dan eceran; serta jasa lainnya. Nilai koefisien determinasi 73,5% variasi pertumbuhan ekonomi dapat dijelaskan oleh sektor basis dan sektor non basis, sedangkan sisanya dipengaruhi oleh faktor lain di luar model penelitian. Kata Kunci : Sektor Basis, Sektor Non Basis, Pertumbuhan Ekonomi, Location Quotient
PENGARUH PRODUK DOMESTIK REGIONAL BRUTO, TINGKAT PARTISIPASI ANGKATAN KERJA DAN UPAH MINIMUM TERHADAP NILAI TUKAR PETANI DI INDONESIA Fauzi Arifin; Heni Widiya
JOURNAL OF SCIENCE AND SOCIAL RESEARCH Vol. 9 No. 2 (2026): April 2026
Publisher : Smart Education

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.54314/jssr.v9i3.6528

Abstract

Abstract: This study aims to analyze the effect of Gross Regional Domestic Product (GRDP), Labor Force Participation Rate (LFPR), and Minimum Wage on the Farmers' Terms of Trade (FTT) in Indonesia. Changes in regional economic conditions, employment, and wage policies are expected to influence the welfare level of farmers in Indonesia. Therefore, this study was conducted to examine the partial and simultaneous effects of the independent variables on the Farmers' Terms of Trade. This research employed a panel data regression approach. The data used are secondary data obtained from the Central Bureau of Statistics (BPS), consisting of data from 34 provinces in Indonesia during the period 2022–2025. Data analysis was carried out using EViews 10 software. The results showed that partially, Gross Regional Domestic Product (GRDP) has a positive and significant effect on the Farmers' Terms of Trade with a tcount value of 2.267584 and a significance value of 0.0255 < 0.05. The Labor Force Participation Rate (LFPR) does not have a significant effect on the Farmers' Terms of Trade with a tcount value of -0.893981 and a significance value of 0.3735 > 0.05. Meanwhile, Minimum Wage has a negative and significant effect on the Farmers' Terms of Trade with a tcount value of -3.201590 and a significance value of 0.0018 < 0.05. Simultaneously, GRDP, LFPR, and Minimum Wage have a significant effect on the Farmers' Terms of Trade with an Fcount value of 16.04438 and a probability value of 0.000000 < 0.05. The Adjusted R Square value is 0.800472, which means that 80.04% of the variation in the Farmers' Terms of Trade can be explained by GRDP, LFPR, and Minimum Wage, while the remaining 19.96% is influenced by other variables outside the research model. Keywords: Gross Regional Domestic Product, Labor Force Participation Rate, Minimum Wage, Farmers' Terms of Trade   Abstrak: Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis pengaruh PDRB, TPAK) dan Upah Minimum terhadap NTP di Indonesia. Perubahan kondisi ekonomi daerah, ketenagakerjaan, dan kebijakan upah diduga dapat memengaruhi tingkat kesejahteraan petani di Indonesia. Oleh karena itu, penelitian ini dilakukan untuk mengetahui pengaruh masing-masing variabel independen baik secara parsial maupun simultan terhadap Nilai Tukar Petani di Indonesia. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan regresi data panel. Data yang digunakan merupakan data sekunder yang diperoleh dari Badan Pusat Statistik (BPS) berupa data 34 provinsi di Indonesia selama periode 2022–2025. Teknik analisis data dilakukan menggunakan aplikasi Eviews 10. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa secara parsial Produk Domestik Regional Bruto berpengaruh positif dan signifikan terhadap Nilai Tukar Petani dengan nilai thitung sebesar 2.267584 dan nilai signifikansi sebesar 0.0255. Tingkat Partisipasi Angkatan Kerja tidak berpengaruh dan tidak signifikan terhadap Nilai Tukar Petani dengan nilai thitung sebesar -0.893981 dan nilai signifikansi sebesar 0.3735. Sementara itu, Upah Minimum berpengaruh negatif dan signifikan terhadap Nilai Tukar Petani dengan nilai thitung sebesar -3.201590 dan nilai signifikansi sebesar 0.0018. Secara simultan, Produk Domestik Regional Bruto, Tingkat Partisipasi Angkatan Kerja, dan Upah Minimum berpengaruh signifikan terhadap Nilai Tukar Petani dengan nilai Fhitung sebesar 16.04438 dan probabilitas sebesar 0.000000. Nilai Adjusted R-Square sebesar 0.800472 menunjukkan bahwa variabel independen dalam penelitian ini mampu menjelaskan variabel dependen sebesar 80,04%, sedangkan sisanya sebesar 19,96% dijelaskan oleh variabel lain di luar penelitian. Dengan demikian, dapat disimpulkan bahwa kondisi pertumbuhan ekonomi dan kebijakan upah memiliki pengaruh terhadap kesejahteraan petani yang tercermin melalui Nilai Tukar Petani di Indonesia. Kata kunci: Produk Domestik Regional Bruto, Tingkat Partisipasi Angkatan Kerja, Upah Minimum, Nilai Tukar Petani, Regresi Data Panel