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Risk-Aware Quality Assurance in Wastewater Treatment: Modeling Effluent Exceedance Probability Under Stochastic Influent and Sensor Decay Nguyễn Thị Thu Hà Nguyễn Thị Thu Hà
Techne: Journal of Engineering, Technology and Industrial Applications Vol. 1 No. 4 (2025): Techne: Journal of Engineering, Technology and Industrial Applications
Publisher : Kalam Practica Media

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Abstract

This article presents an engineering-oriented framework that treats wastewater treatment control as an end-to-end decision and reliability system, quantifying how uncertainty propagates from sensing and influent disturbances through control actions and process dynamics into distributional outcomes that matter operationally: probability of exceeding effluent thresholds for ammonia, total nitrogen, and phosphate; time-above-limit; nuisance alarm rate; energy and chemical cost index; and time-to-recovery under upset events. A scenario-based quantitative study is developed for a generic activated sludge facility with nitrification–denitrification and chemical phosphorus removal, comparing four control architectures: baseline PID with fixed setpoints, increased sensor deployment without drift governance, model-based soft-sensing and predictive control with limited alarm governance, and a governance-optimized two-tier architecture that combines drift-aware sensor validation, redundancy and plausibility checks, event-segmented control actions, and staged alarms aligned to compliance risk rather than raw sensor thresholds. Results demonstrate that compliance risk is dominated by tail behavior in influent and by sensing drift interacting with slow biological dynamics, that adding sensors without governance can increase nuisance interventions and destabilize operation, and that the two-tier governed architecture reduces exceedance probability while lowering unnecessary chemical dosing and stabilizing operator workload. Three copy-ready tables and complete prompts for data-driven figures are provided for Techne submission.
Sustainability-Oriented HRM, Employee Engagement, and Service Quality in Indonesian Hospitality SMEs: The Mediating Role of Green Organizational Commitment Siti Farhana Ismail Siti Farhana Ismail; Nguyễn Thị Thu Hà Nguyễn Thị Thu Hà
Oikonomia Review: A Journal of Applied Management, Accounting, and Business Strategy Vol. 1 Núm. 2 (2025): Oikonomia Review: Journal of Economics, Management, and Accounting
Publisher : Kalam Practica Media

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Abstract

Hospitality SMEs in Southeast Asia face rising expectations to adopt sustainability practices while recovering from demand volatility and workforce turnover. Human resource management plays a central role in translating sustainability goals into everyday service behavior, yet evidence on how sustainability-oriented HRM affects service quality in small hospitality firms remains limited. This study examines how sustainability-oriented HRM practices influence service quality in Malaysian hospitality SMEs through employee engagement and green organizational commitment. Drawing on the Ability–Motivation–Opportunity framework and organizational commitment theory, the model conceptualizes sustainability-oriented HRM as recruitment, training, performance management, and involvement practices aligned with environmental and social responsibility. Survey data were collected from 389 employees across small hotels and restaurants in three Malaysian tourism areas. Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM) was used to test direct effects and parallel mediation. Results indicate that sustainability-oriented HRM strengthens employee engagement and green commitment, which in turn improve perceived service quality. Green commitment partially mediates the HRM–service quality relationship and complements the engagement pathway. The findings suggest that sustainability in hospitality SMEs becomes operationally meaningful when HR practices build psychological attachment to green values and create opportunities for employees to translate those values into customer-facing behavior. Practical implications emphasize aligning training and incentives with sustainability routines, strengthening employee voice, and designing low-cost green engagement practices suitable for SME constraints.