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Bioinformatics analysis of andrographolide as an antisquamous cell carcinoma of the cervix Raymond Devara; Sarmoko; Muhammad Salman Fareza
Scientific Nexus Vol. 1 No. 1 (2025): Scientific Nexus
Publisher : Fakultas Sains Institut Teknologi Sumatera

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.35472/scinexus.2280

Abstract

Andrographolide, a natural substance isolated from Andrographis paniculata showing anticancer activity can be tested in silico to analyze its target in treatment of squamous cell carcinoma of the cervix. Objective of this study is dentifying andrographolide’s therapeutic target in treatment of squamous cell carcinoma of the cervix. Bioinformatics analysis was done by intersecting genes dysregulated in cancer and genes regulated by andrographolide. Potential therapeutic target genes activity related to cancer was analyzed and probable target genes were docked with andrographolide. Eighty three potential therapeutic target genes were identified and gene ontology and KEGG pathway analysis revealed their role in cancer. Target genes were further selected, resulted in three genes probable to be docked with andrographolide. Binding energy in kcal/mol between andrographolide and MAPK3, MMP9 and JAK2 respectively were -9.954, -9.470 and -8.482. Meanwhile, positive control binding energy were -10.050, -9.459 and -9.422. Andrographolide is shown to interact with a few key amino acid residues, such as Ile48 and Tyr53 in MAPK3, His230, His236, Pro246 and 247 in MMP9 and Leu983 in JAK2. In conclusion, MAPK3, MMP9 and JAK2 are potential therapeutic target genes for andrographolide within the treatment of squamous cell carcinoma of the cervix.
Optimizing a vaseline–lanolin ointment base for Momordica charantia extract using a simplex lattice design Muh Fajar Fauzi; Sarmoko; Tantri Liris Nareswari; Ahmad Bayu Satriawan; Nisa Yulianti Suprahman; Evi Kurniawaty
Pharmacy Reports Vol. 6 No. 1 (2026): Pharmacy Reports
Publisher : Indonesian Young Scientist Group and UPN Veteran Jakarta

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.51511/pr.126

Abstract

Topical delivery of Momordica charantia (bitter melon) extract is a promising approach for anti-inflammatory and antioxidant therapy, yet the performance of the dosage form depends strongly on the composition of the formulation base. This study aimed to optimize a two-component vaseline–lanolin ointment base for M. charantia extract using a simplex lattice mixture design. Five blends spanning the binary mixture space were prepared and characterized for viscosity, spreadability, adhesiveness, and pH. Polynomial mixture models were fitted to each response, model adequacy was assessed by analysis of variance and lack-of-fit testing, and a multi-response Derringer desirability function was applied to locate a compromise optimum, which was then verified experimentally. Increasing the lanolin proportion generally increased viscosity and adhesiveness but reduced spreadability, whereas higher vaseline fractions improved spreadability while maintaining pH within a skin-compatible range. The models showed good fit and predictive utility, and the selected blend (vaseline:lanolin = 70:30) met all predefined physical criteria, with observed responses showing no significant difference from predicted values. In conclusion, simplex lattice optimization efficiently guided the vaseline–lanolin ratio toward a base with favorable rheological properties, providing a useful and reproducible platform for incorporating M. charantia extract in future efficacy and stability studies.