Widaninggar Rahma Putri
Universitas ‘Aisyiyah Yogyakarta

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Uji Aktivitas Antibakteri Ekstrak Etanol 96% Daun Pepaya (Carica Papaya L) Terhadap Bakteri Salmonella Typhi Penyebab Demam Tifoid Pradita Putri Yanduke; Widaninggar Rahma Putri; Rosmita Anggraeni
Malahayati Nursing Journal Vol 7, No 9 (2025): Volume 7 Nomor 9 (2025)
Publisher : Universitas Malahayati Lampung

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.33024/mnj.v7i9.22134

Abstract

ABSTRACT Typhoid fever is a disease caused by consuming food or beverages contaminated with Salmonella typhi bacteria. Antibiotics are the main treatment. However, this can lead to resistance due to inappropriate use of antibiotics. Currently, the level of Salmonella typhi resistance is reported to be quite high, both in the Asia-Pacific region and in Indonesia. Therefore, effective natural antibacterial alternatives are needed. One natural ingredient with such potential is papaya leaves (Carica papaya L), which contain active compounds such as alkaloids, flavonoids, saponins, triterpenoids, and tannins. This study aims to determine the effectiveness of 96% ethanol extract of papaya leaves in inhibiting the growth of Salmonella typhi at varying concentrations of 50%, 70%, and 90%. This experimental study used the disk diffusion method (Kirby-Bauer) with extracts obtained through maceration with 96% ethanol. The antibacterial test was conducted on Salmonella typhi bacteria with five repetitions at each extract concentration of 50%, 70%, 90%, chloramphenicol (+), and distilled water (-) with five repetitions. Data analysis was performed using the Shapiro-Wilk, Kruskal-Wallis, and Mann-Whitney tests. The results obtained showed that the concentrations of 50%, 70%, and 90% had average values of 7.4 mm, 12 mm, and 15 mm, respectively. The Kruskal-Wallis test indicated a significant difference between groups (p=0.001), the Mann-Whitney test showed a significant difference between the 90% concentration and the 50% and 70% concentrations (p0.05). Papaya leaf ethanol extract has antibacterial activity against Salmonella typhi, with effectiveness increasing with increasing concentration. The 90% concentration showed the highest inhibitory activity and was classified as strong antibacterial activity. Papaya leaves have the potential as a natural antibacterial alternative in efforts to address antibiotic resistance. Keywords: Salmonella Typhi, Papaya Leaf, Carica Papaya L, Papaya Leaf Extract, Antibacterial  ABSTRAK Demam tifoid merupakan penyakit yang terjadi dikarenakan kontaminasi bakteri Salmonella typhi yang berada di dalam makanan atau minuman. Pemberian antibiotik merupakan pengobatan utama. Namun, hal ini dapat menyebabkan resistensi akibat penggunaan antibiotik yang tidak tepat. Tingkat resistensi Salmonella typhi dilaporkan cukup tinggi, baik dikawasan Asia-Pasifik maupun di Indonesia. Oleh karena itu, diperlukan alternatif antibakteri alami yang efektif. Salah satu bahan alami yang memiliki potensi tersebut adalah daun pepaya (Carica papaya L) yang di dalamnya terdapat beberapa kandungan senyawa aktif seperti sapnin, flavonoid, alkaloid, triterpenoid, dan tanin. Tujuan ditulisnya penelitian ini untuk menjelaskan efektivitas yang dihasilkan oleh ekstrak etanol 96% daun papaya dalam menghambat pertumbuhan Salmonella typhi dengan variasi konsentrasi 50%, 70%, dan 90%. Penelitian eksperimental ini menggunakan metode difusi cakram (Kirby-Bauer) menggunakan ekstrak yang diperoleh melalui metode maserasi dengan etanol 96%. Uji antibakteri dilakukan terhadap bakteri Salmonella typhi dengan lima kali pengulangan pada masing-masing konsentrasi ekstrak 50%, 70%, 90%, kloramfenikol (+) dan aquades (-) dengan lima kali pengulangan. Analisis data dilakukan dengan uji Shapiro-Wilk, Kruskal-Wallis dan Mann-Whitney. Hasil yang diperoleh menunjukkan bahwa konsentrasi 50%, 70%, dan 90% dengan rata-rata 7,4 mm, 12 mm, 15 mm. Uji Kruskal-Wallis menunjukkan adanya perbedaan signifikan antar kelompok (p=0,001), dan uji Mann-Whitney menunjukkan perbedaan signifikan antara konsentrasi 90% dengan 50% dan 70% (p0,05). Ekstrak etanol daun pepaya memiliki aktivitas antibakteri terhadap Salmonella typhi, dengan efektivitas yang meningkat seiring bertambahnya konsentrasi. Konsentrasi 90% menunjukkan daya hambat paling tinggi dan tergolong aktivitas antibakteri kuat. Daun pepaya berpotensi sebagai alternatif antibakteri alami dalam upaya mengatasi resistensi antibiotik. Kata Kunci: Salmonella Typhi, Daun Pepaya, Carica Papaya L, Ekstrak Daun Pepaya, Antibakteri
Gambaran Hasil Pemeriksaan Genexpert pada Penderita Tuberkulosis Paru dengan Komplikasi di Rumah Sakit Panti Rapih Yogyakarta Adelia Amanda Puteri; Widaninggar Rahma Putri; Wiwit Probowati
SEHATMAS: Jurnal Ilmiah Kesehatan Masyarakat Vol. 4 No. 4 (2025): Oktober 2025
Publisher : Yayasan Literasi Sains Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.55123/sehatmas.v4i4.6835

Abstract

Pulmonary tuberculosis (TB) continues to pose a significant worldwide health concern, particularly when associated with complications. Delays in diagnosis and identification of drug resistance in these cases can increase morbidity and mortality. This descriptive analytical study using cross-sectional methodology aims to explain the results of GeneXpert examination, a rapid molecular diagnostic instrument, in patients with pulmonary tuberculosis with complications at Panti Rapih Hospital, Yogyakarta. In 2024, secondary data collection using a total sampling strategy, which included 660 patients with pulmonary and extrapulmonary tuberculosis, resulted in 132 cases of pulmonary tuberculosis and 32 samples that met the inclusion criteria. The findings showed that the sample was dominated by men (56.3%) of productive age (75%), with pleural effusion as the most common complication. The main GeneXpert finding was that more than half of the samples (59.4%) showed "MTB Detected Low" results that were sensitive to Rifampicin. This profile confirms the urgency of using GeneXpert as a rapid diagnostic tool to determine appropriate treatment strategies early, particularly in complex patients at high risk of therapy failure.