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All Journal JIAN (Jurnal Ilmiah Administrasi Negara)
Ziyada Hafizi
Faculty of Economics, Badakhshan University Afghanistan
Environmental Science Social Sciences

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Public Spending and Sustainable Development Outcomes in Emerging Economies: A Panel Analysis (2000-2023) Ayesha Munir; Ziyada Hafizi
JIAN (Jurnal Ilmiah Administrasi Negara) Vol. 10 No. 1 (2026): February 2026
Publisher : Universitas Bojonegoro

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.56071/jian.v10i1.1646

Abstract

This paper examines the relationship between public spending and sustainable development outcomes in emerging economies during 2000–2023. Using panel data for upper- and lower-middle-income countries, the study analyzes how government expenditure on education, health, and renewable energy consumption influence carbon emissions, life expectancy, and economic growth as proxies for Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). Empirical estimation employs pooled OLS, fixed effects, and random effects models, with Breusch–Pagan LM and Hausman tests guiding model selection. The results reveal that higher education and health expenditure are associated with improved sustainability indicators, while renewable energy use significantly reduces carbon emissions. Conversely, GDP growth and trade openness exhibit mixed environmental effects. The findings highlight the importance of targeted fiscal policies in balancing growth and sustainability.
Co-Authors Ayesha Munir