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All Journal PPSDP International Journal of Education
Guntur Eko Saputro
Universitas Pertahanan, West Java, Indonesia
Education Languange, Linguistic, Communication & Media Mathematics Social Sciences Other

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Navigating Economic Growth: An Analysis of Indonesia’s Maritime Axis Policy Implementation Fikri Kamil Arizza; Guntur Eko Saputro; Zainal Abiddin Sahabuddin
PPSDP International Journal of Education Vol. 5 No. 1 (2026): PPSDP International Journal of Education
Publisher : Perkumpulan Program Studi Doktor Pendidikan (PPSDP)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.59175/pijed.v5i1.710

Abstract

This study aims to analyze maritime axis policies from the perspective of defense economics and policy implementation in order to grow Indonesia’s economy. Utilizing qualitative research approach, data was collected from a variety of sources, including academic journals, policy documents, and credible reports. The findings indicate that Indonesia’s Position as a maritime country, Indonesia has opportunities for economic growth and security as a national pillar. Indonesia’s maritime future is realized through synergy between communication, resources, and bureaucracy. economic development in enhancing economic growth is realized through the “Maritime Silk Road” and efforts to create harmony between the three aspects of policy implementation theory. However, challenges such as unsustainable practices, stakeholder conflicts, and inadequate policy coordination hinder effective implementation. The success of the maritime axis policy in Indonesia necessitates comprehensive implementation that integrate sustainability principles across all sectors, as well as collaboration among stakeholders. This finding provides valuable insights for policymakers in formulating policy implementation that promote sustainable development in maritime axis policy, ensuring that economic growth benefits can be enjoyed by both current and future generations. Thus, the maritime axis policy not only has potential to drive economic growth but also safeguard in marine ecosystems that are essential for the livehood of coastal communities. From that we may know maritime policy can drive economic development by focusing on infrastructure development, natural resource and human resource management, maritime improvement, and international cooperation.
Between Ambition and Fiscal Reality: Strategic Environment, Budgeting, and Military Modernization in Indonesia (2020-2025) Rienal Yaffid; Guntur Eko Saputro; Panji Suwarno
PPSDP International Journal of Education Vol. 5 No. 1 (2026): PPSDP International Journal of Education
Publisher : Perkumpulan Program Studi Doktor Pendidikan (PPSDP)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.59175/pijed.v5i1.808

Abstract

This journal article analyses the trends in the strategic environment (lingstra) that underlie the formulation of Minimum Essential Force (MEF) stages I, II, and III, and evaluates the process of preparing Indonesia’s defence spending from 2020 to 2025. The analysis uses a qualitative approach and secondary data documentation from the Ministry of Defence, the Ministry of Finance, and the National Development Planning Agency. The article presents the dynamics of policies and the process of formulating the defence expenditure budget, including a comparison between the proposed and approved budgets. It also includes data on financing components from Pure Rupiah Funds, as well as domestic and foreign financing. The findings show that global and regional strategic environmental factors, such as geopolitical competition, military modernization in neighbouring countries, and advancements in defence technology, significantly influence Indonesia’s defence priorities.
The Impact of Import Tariffs on Economic Growth in Indonesia: Evidence from Provincial Panel Data (2010-2024) Dhika Sanjaya; Guntur Eko Saputro; Suwito Suwito
PPSDP International Journal of Education Vol. 5 No. 1 (2026): PPSDP International Journal of Education
Publisher : Perkumpulan Program Studi Doktor Pendidikan (PPSDP)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.59175/pijed.v5i1.829

Abstract

This study examines the impact of import tariff policy on Indonesia’s economic growth over the 2010–2024 period, aiming to provide an empirical foundation for designing adaptive tariff strategies that balance efficiency and industrial protection. A quantitative explanatory approach is employed using panel data from 34 provinces. Secondary data were obtained from official open sources, including Statistics Indonesia (BPS), the Directorate General of Customs and Excise (DJBC), the World Integrated Trade Solution (WITS), and the World Bank. The analysis utilizes Fixed and Random Effect Models, with the Hausman test determining the optimal specification. The results indicate that higher import tariffs suppress Indonesia’s economic growth by increasing input costs and reducing industrial productivity. Investment and exports exhibit positive effects, while exchange rate depreciation negatively affects growth, particularly in import-dependent sectors. Notably, moderate tariffs can play a strategic role in protecting emerging industries that contribute to structural transformation and long-term competitiveness. The findings underscore the need for adaptive tariff policies lowering tariffs on raw materials and capital goods while maintaining moderate protection for strategic sectors such as manufacturing and agro-processing. Such policies can enhance productivity, attract investment, and foster sustainable growth across Indonesia’s regions. This study advances the literature by combining provincial-level panel data with a robust econometric framework to quantify the effects of tariff adjustments on economic growth. It bridges theory and policy by demonstrating how selective liberalization, grounded in endogenous growth dynamics, can optimize Indonesia’s trade strategy for sustainable and inclusive development.
Co-Authors Dhika Sanjaya Fikri Kamil Arizza Panji Suwarno Rienal Yaffid Suwito Suwito Zainal Abiddin Sahabuddin