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ETIKA PROFESI DAN PERLINDUNGAN HUKUM: STUDI PADA PRAKTIK MEDIS DI INDONESIA Gunawan Widjaja; Hotmaria Hertawaty Sijabat
Jurnal Kesehatan Vol. 3 No. 5 (2025): MEI
Publisher : CV. Adiba Aisha Amira

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Professional ethics and legal protection are two important aspects of medical practice in Indonesia. Professional ethics serve as moral guidelines for medical personnel in carrying out their duties, particularly in maintaining integrity, patient confidentiality, and health service standards. Meanwhile, legal protection helps ensure that medical personnel have legal certainty in their work, especially when facing potential conflicts or claims from patients. This study highlights the importance of synergy between professional ethics and legal protection in creating a fair, professional, and high-quality healthcare ecosystem. By combining ethical and legal approaches, medical practice in Indonesia can provide optimal benefits for patients while protecting the rights of medical personnel. Emphasis on education and socialisation regarding the roles, rights, and obligations of each party is also a solution to reduce tension between patients and medical personnel.

PENYELESAIAN SENGKETA PELANGGARAN ETIKA PROFESI MELALUI MAJELIS KEHORMATAN ETIKA KEDOKTERAN (MKEK): KAJIAN PUSTAKA TENTANG MEKANISME DAN EFEKTIVITASNYA Hotmaria Hertawaty Sijabat
Jurnal Salome : Multidisipliner Keilmuan Vol. 3 No. 4 (2025): SEPTEMBER
Publisher : CV. ADIBA AISHA AMIRA

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This study examines the mechanisms and effectiveness of resolving professional ethics violations through the Medical Ethics Council (MKEK) using a literature review approach. The MKEK acts as an institution tasked with maintaining the integrity of the medical profession and protecting patients' rights through the fair and transparent resolution of code of ethics violations. This study examines the dispute resolution procedure, starting from the complaint, verification, examination, plenary session, to the imposition of sanctions and evaluation of the effectiveness of the process in providing protection and corrective impact. The results of the study show that although the MKEK has implemented a structured resolution mechanism, there are several challenges that affect its effectiveness, such as the sometimes lengthy resolution process, variations in the imposition of sanctions, and limited resources. This study recommends improving human resource capacity, greater transparency, and the use of information technology to strengthen the role of the MKEK as a credible ethical dispute resolution body. Thus, the MKEK can be more effective in building medical professionalism and maintaining public trust in the health care system in Indonesia.

PERAN ORGANISASI PROFESI DALAM PENYELESAIAN SENGKETA ETIKA: STUDI LITERATUR TENTANG FUNGSI MAJELIS KEHORMATAN DAN JALUR ETIKA PROFESI Hotmaria Hertawaty Sijabat
Jurnal Salome : Multidisipliner Keilmuan Vol. 3 No. 4 (2025): SEPTEMBER
Publisher : CV. ADIBA AISHA AMIRA

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The role of professional organisations in resolving ethical disputes is crucial to maintaining the integrity and professionalism of their members. This literature review examines the function of the Ethics Council and professional ethics channels as mechanisms for resolving ethical disputes. The Ethics Council acts as an independent body that handles investigations, mediation, and enforcement of the code of ethics in a fair and transparent manner, while also protecting the reputation of the profession. Meanwhile, the professional ethics channel provides efficient and educational formal procedures for members to resolve disputes internally, prioritising mediation and formal investigations without having to involve external legal processes. These two mechanisms form a comprehensive ethical dispute resolution system, maintaining organisational harmony and increasing public trust in the profession.

KEWAJIBAN TENAGA KESEHATAN DALAM MEMBERIKAN INFORMED CONSENT: KAJIAN LITERATUR ETIKA DAN HUKUM Gunawan Widjaja; Hotmaria Hertawaty Sijabat; Handojo Dhanudibroto
ZAHRA: JOURNAL OF HEALTH AND MEDICAL RESEARCH Vol. 5 No. 2 (2025): APRIL
Publisher : CV. ADIBA AISHA AMIRA

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This study aims to examine the obligations of health workers in providing informed consent from an ethical and legal perspective through a literature review. Informed consent is an essential communication process between health workers and patients prior to medical procedures, which affirms the patient's right to obtain complete information and to give conscious and voluntary consent. Legally, this obligation is regulated in various regulations in Indonesia, such as Law No. 29 of 2004, Law No. 36 of 2009, and Law No. 17 of 2023, and reinforced by medical professional ethical standards. The results of the study indicate that optimal implementation of informed consent can protect patients' rights while providing legal protection for healthcare providers; however, challenges remain in its implementation, such as time constraints, the use of medical terminology that is difficult to understand, and insufficient education for both patients and healthcare providers. Therefore, efforts to enhance understanding, training, and continuous supervision are needed to ensure that ethical and legal principles in the provision of informed consent are truly realised in healthcare practice in Indonesia.

HAK PASIEN ATAS PRIVASI DATA MEDIS: TINJAUAN LITERATUR DAN EVALUASI KEBIJAKAN Gunawan Widjaja; Hotmaria Hertawaty Sijabat; Handojo Dhanudibroto
ZAHRA: JOURNAL OF HEALTH AND MEDICAL RESEARCH Vol. 5 No. 2 (2025): APRIL
Publisher : CV. ADIBA AISHA AMIRA

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Patients' rights to privacy and confidentiality of medical data are fundamental aspects of the healthcare system, especially in the era of digitalisation and information technology utilisation. This study aims to examine the protection of patients' privacy rights regarding medical data through a literature review and policy evaluation in Indonesia. The method used is literature research by analysing national regulations, such as the Personal Data Protection Law, the Health Law, and the Minister of Health Regulation on Medical Records, and comparing them with international standards. The results of the study indicate that although the legal framework in Indonesia has explicitly recognised and regulated patient privacy rights, implementation in the field still faces challenges such as weak data security infrastructure, low privacy literacy among health workers and patients, and suboptimal supervision and law enforcement. This study recommends the need to strengthen policies, enhance human resource capacity, and update information technology infrastructure to ensure effective protection of patient privacy rights and support public trust in healthcare services.

PERAN DAN KEWAJIBAN TENAGA KESEHATAN DALAM MENJAGA RAHASIA MEDIS: STUDI LITERATUR Gunawan Widjaja; Hotmaria Hertawaty Sijabat; Handojo Dhanudibroto
ZAHRA: JOURNAL OF HEALTH AND MEDICAL RESEARCH Vol. 5 No. 2 (2025): APRIL
Publisher : CV. ADIBA AISHA AMIRA

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This study aims to analyse the role and obligations of health workers in maintaining medical confidentiality based on a literature review of regulations and practices in Indonesia. Medical confidentiality is a fundamental right of patients guaranteed by various laws and regulations and professional codes of ethics. This study employs a literature review method, examining primary and secondary legal sources such as laws, government regulations, ministerial regulations, as well as scientific journals and related articles. The results of the study indicate that the obligation to maintain medical confidentiality applies to all healthcare workers, including doctors, nurses, and other healthcare professionals, even after the patient's death. The implementation of medical confidentiality principles faces challenges in the digital age, such as the risk of data breaches and misuse of information, necessitating the strengthening of data security systems and continuous education for healthcare workers. Violations of this obligation may result in legal consequences, including criminal, civil, administrative, and ethical sanctions. Therefore, the protection of medical confidentiality must be a shared commitment between healthcare professionals and healthcare institutions to maintain patient trust and improve the quality of healthcare services.

LITERATUR REVIEW TENTANG HAK PASIEN DALAM MENGAKSES INFORMASI MEDIS DAN REKAM MEDIS Gunawan Widjaja; Hotmaria Hertawaty Sijabat; Handojo Dhanudibroto
ZAHRA: JOURNAL OF HEALTH AND MEDICAL RESEARCH Vol. 5 No. 2 (2025): APRIL
Publisher : CV. ADIBA AISHA AMIRA

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Patients' rights to access medical information and medical records are a fundamental part of human rights guaranteed by various laws and regulations in Indonesia, such as Law No. 17 of 2023 concerning Health and Law No. 29 of 2004 concerning Medical Practice. These rights include the right to obtain clear, accurate, and easily understandable information about health conditions, medical procedures, risks, and access to the contents of medical records, as well as protection of patient medical data confidentiality. However, implementation in practice still faces challenges, including limited technological infrastructure, insufficient literacy among healthcare workers and patients, and issues related to data security and privacy. This literature review aims to analyse the legal framework, principles, and challenges in implementing the right to access medical information and medical records in Indonesia. The findings indicate the need for strengthened regulations, improved human resource capacity, and the development of an integrated and secure health information system to ensure that patients' rights are realised optimally and equitably across all regions of Indonesia.

EVALUASI HAK DAN KEWAJIBAN DALAM PELAYANAN KESEHATAN PRIMER: TINJAUAN LITERATUR Gunawan Widjaja; Hotmaria Hertawaty Sijabat; Handojo Dhanudibroto
ZAHRA: JOURNAL OF HEALTH AND MEDICAL RESEARCH Vol. 5 No. 2 (2025): APRIL
Publisher : CV. ADIBA AISHA AMIRA

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This study aims to evaluate the regulation and implementation of rights and obligations in primary health care in Indonesia through a literature review. The results of the study indicate that national regulations have established patients' rights to quality care, clear information, privacy protection, and the right to consent to or refuse medical treatment. On the other hand, patients also have obligations to provide accurate information, comply with medical instructions, and respect the rights of healthcare workers. Healthcare workers themselves are entitled to legal protection and professional development, as well as the obligation to provide services in accordance with professional standards and maintain patient confidentiality. However, implementation on the ground still faces challenges such as lack of understanding of regulations, limited resources, and weak supervision and socialisation. Therefore, sustained efforts are needed in the form of education, strengthening the capacity of healthcare workers, and improving the supervision system to ensure that the balance between rights and responsibilities in primary healthcare services is optimally realised.

KEPATUHAN TENAGA KESEHATAN TERHADAP KODE ETIK PROFESI: ANALISIS LITERATUR UNDANG-UNDANG DAN PRAKTEK DI LAPANGAN Gunawan Widjaja; Hotmaria Hertawaty Sijabat; Handojo Dhanudibroto
ZAHRA: JOURNAL OF HEALTH AND MEDICAL RESEARCH Vol. 5 No. 2 (2025): APRIL
Publisher : CV. ADIBA AISHA AMIRA

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Health workers' compliance with professional codes of ethics is a key element in ensuring quality health services, protecting patients' rights, and maintaining professional integrity. This study aims to analyse health workers' compliance with professional codes of ethics based on a review of legislation and practices in the field. The method used is a qualitative literature review, examining regulations such as the Health Law, Hospital Law, and professional codes of ethics from health professional organisations. The results of the analysis indicate that healthcare workers' compliance is influenced by various factors, including education and training, organisational culture, sanction and reward systems, work pressure, personal ethical values, and social norms and community expectations. Although regulations and codes of ethics have been comprehensively formulated, their implementation in the field still faces challenges such as weak coordination between institutions, lack of understanding of laws and ethics among health workers, and inadequate enforcement mechanisms. This study recommends the need to strengthen ethical education, harmonise regulations, and enhance supervision and disciplinary enforcement to ensure consistent compliance with professional ethical codes, thereby improving the quality of healthcare services and public trust.

DATA PRIVACY IN E-COMMERCE BUSINESS: CHALLENGES AND LEGAL SOLUTIONS Gunawan Widjaja; Hotmaria Hertawaty Sijabat
Jurnal Komunikasi Vol. 2 No. 12 (2025): Jurnal Komunikasi
Publisher : ADISAM PUBLISHER

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This study discusses the challenges and legal solutions related to data privacy in e- commerce businesses, which is becoming increasingly important as the volume of online transactions increases. Consumer data privacy faces significant risks due to cybersecurity threats and the complexity of cross-jurisdictional regulations. To overcome these challenges, a series of legal solutions are needed, including strengthening privacy regulations, increasing corporate transparency in data use, and educating consumers and businesses. The implementation of regulations such as GDPR and CCPA shows important progress in the protection of personal data, but continuous efforts are needed to maintain consumer trust and ensure effective compliance worldwide.

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