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All Journal INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC LITERATURE (INJOLE)
Ajeng Faizah Nijma Ilma
IESP, FEB, Universitas Jenderal Soedirman, Indonesia

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DIGITAL CURRENCIES AND INFORMAL ECONOMIES: ASSESSING THE FINANCIAL INCLUSION POTENTIAL OF CBDCs IN EMERGING MARKETS Loso Judijanto; Ajeng Faizah Nijma Ilma; Farikhul Muafiq
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC LITERATURE Vol. 2 No. 10 (2025): JULY
Publisher : Adisam Publisher

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Abstract

This research aims to explore the potential of central bank digital currencies (CBDCs) to increase financial inclusion in emerging markets, particularly in the context of the informal economy, which still dominates economic activity in many regions. Through a comprehensive literature review of previous studies, policy reports, and international regulatory documents, this research analyzes how the design and implementation of CBDCs can bridge the financial access gap faced by marginalized groups and workers in the informal sector. The study finds that CBDCs have significant potential to provide cheaper, safer, and more accessible payment systems, as well as increase trust in the formal financial system. However, these benefits are highly dependent on factors such as technical design, public trust, digital infrastructure, and privacy protection policies. This research recommends that the development of CBDCs in developing countries seriously consider the local socio-economic context and foster close collaboration between governments, the private sector, and local communities to ensure inclusive and sustainable adoption.
ANALYSIS OF THE INFLUENCE OF FOREIGN DIRECT INVESTMENT, LABOR PRODUCTIVITY AND TECHNOLOGYON ECONOMIC GROWTH Loso Judijanto; Ajeng Faizah Nijma Ilma; Gautama Sastra Waskita
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC LITERATURE Vol. 2 No. 5 (2025): INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC LITERATURE (INJOLE)
Publisher : Adisam Publisher

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Abstract

Foreign investment, labor productivity and technology are key factors that can significantly influence economic growth. An important factor in a nation's economic development is foreign direct investment. This involves investing foreign assets into domestic structures, equipment, and organizations. Research on the Indonesian economy shows that FDI has a significant impact on economic growth. FDI can also increase the productivity and macroeconomic stability of the recipient country so that this source of funds is considered to have great potential as a driving force for the economy and is believed to be relatively safe for a country because it is a long-term investment. Macroeconomic indicators like unemployment, pricing levels, and economic growth can be used to assess a nation's economic performance. Economic growth is mostly driven by labor productivity. Therefore, policies and strategies that aim to increase productivity are essential for achieving sustained and inclusive economic development. The influence of technology on economic growth can be seen from various perspectives. Based on available information, technology has a significant impact in driving a country's economic growth.
Co-Authors Farikhul Muafiq Gautama Sastra Waskita Loso Judijanto