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All Journal Jurnal El-Thawalib Jurnal El-Thawalib Indonesian Journal of Islamic Jurisprudence, Economic and Legal Theory
Sari, Vidya Nirmala
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Religion Law, Crime, Criminology & Criminal Justice Social Sciences

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Efektivitas Kebijakan Makan Bergizi Gratis (MBG) Dalam Perspektif Siyasah Dusturiyah (Analisis Tata Kelola Dan Pemenuhan Hak Warga Negara) Sari, Vidya Nirmala; Wijayanto, Fajar; Yazwardi, Yazwardi
Indonesian Journal of Islamic Jurisprudence, Economic and Legal Theory Vol. 4 No. 1 (2026)
Publisher : SPT. haria Journal and Education Center Publishing

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.62976/ijijel.v4i1.1779

Abstract

Efektivitas Kebijakan Makan Bergizi Gratis (MBG) di Indonesia menghadapi tantangan serius dari sisi tata kelola pemerintah dan pemenuhan hak warga negara, terutama hak atas pangan, kesehatan, dan tumbuh kembang anak. Masalah utama penelitian ini adalah sejauh mana kebijakan MBG efektif dalam perspektif siyasah dusturiyah, kerangka hukum tata negara Islam yang menekankan keadilan, musyawarah, perlindungan hak rakyat, dan akuntabilitas penguasa. Penelitian menggunakan metode yuridis normatif dengan pendekatan perundang-undangan dan konseptual. Bahan hukum primer meliputi Undang-Undang Nomor 35 Tahun 2014 tentang Perlindungan Anak, Undang-Undang Nomor 36 Tahun 2009 tentang Kesehatan, Peraturan Menteri Pendidikan dan Kebudayaan Nomor 75 Tahun 2016, serta Peraturan Presiden Nomor 72 Tahun 2021. Bahan hukum sekunder berupa literatur siyasah dusturiyah dan hasil penelitian terkait. Analisis dilakukan secara kualitatif-deskriptif. Temuan penelitian menunjukkan bahwa dari perspektif siyasah dusturiyah, kebijakan MBG secara prinsip sejalan dengan kewajiban negara melindungi hak warga negara (ri’ayah al-maslahah) dan mewujudkan keadilan distributif. Namun, efektivitas kebijakan masih rendah karena kelemahan tata kelola: perencanaan anggaran tidak memadai, koordinasi lintas sektor lemah, distribusi pangan tidak tepat waktu dan merata, serta pengawasan kualitas minim. Berbeda dengan asumsi awal, penelitian ini menemukan bahwa Indonesia telah memiliki lembaga yang secara fungsional mendekati al-hisbah, yaitu Ombudsman RI berdasarkan Undang-Undang Nomor 37 Tahun 2008. Ombudsman berwenang menerima laporan maladministrasi, melakukan investigasi, dan memberikan rekomendasi, namun kewenangannya terbatas karena tidak dapat menjatuhkan sanksi langsung dan rekomendasinya sering tidak diindahkan. Akibatnya, pemenuhan hak warga negara atas gizi (haqq al-mu’awwanah) masih parsial. Siyasah dusturiyah menuntut penguatan kewenangan Ombudsman, revisi UU Ombudsman, penerapan sanksi tegas, serta penguatan akses gugatan warga melalui PTUN dengan pendampingan Ombudsman. Tanpa reformasi ini, efektivitas MBG dalam mewujudkan kemaslahatan umum tidak akan optimal dan berkelanjutan.
Strengthening the Institutional Structure of the Ombudsman of the Republic of Indonesia: The Urgency of Revising Law Number 37 of 2008 from the Perspective of Fiqh Siyasah Sari, Vidya Nirmala; Holijah, Holijah
Jurnal El-Thawalib Vol 7, No 2 (2026)
Publisher : UIN Syekh Ali Hasan Ahmad Addary Padangsidimpuan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.24952/el-thawalib.v7i2.19585

Abstract

This research examines the weakened oversight function of the Ombudsman of the Republic of Indonesia in public service delivery as a consequence of three fundamental deficiencies within Law Number 37 of 2008 concerning the Ombudsman of the Republic of Indonesia. First, the absence of executive enforcement authority over the Ombudsman’s recommendations results in its operation merely as a magistrature of influence, unlike its counterparts in developed jurisdictions. Second, the Ombudsman’s institutional position remains ambiguous and marginal within the state structure, as it is neither explicitly nor implicitly regulated in the 1945 Constitution. Third, budgetary and human resource constraints inevitably follow from such limited authority, while maladministration practices continue to rise, totaling 81,432 reports over the past two decades. The findings conclude that institutionally, the Ombudsman functions as a state auxiliary organ and, functionally, as part of the fourth branch of government. However, it currently exercises only a magistrature of influence, necessitating a legal transformation into a magistrature of sanction. From the perspective of fiqih siyasah (Islamic political jurisprudence), strengthening the Ombudsman is imperative, as it aligns with the principle of al-amr bi al-ma’ruf wa al-nahy ‘an al-munkar (commanding right and forbidding wrong), the concept of wilayat al-hisbah (public accountability institution), and the objectives of maqashid al-shariah. The proposed institutional strengthening model through legal revision comprises four simultaneous measures: (1) establishing binding executive authority for recommendations; (2) optimizing preventive and educational functions based on the Fiqh Anti-Maladministration framework; (3) strengthening an integrated complaint reporting system with whistleblower protection; and (4) internalizing fiqih siyasah values (trustworthiness, justice, public interest, accountability) into positive law. This research recommends that the revision of Law Number 37 of 2008 accommodate all four measures concurrently, thereby transforming the Ombudsman into a strong, independent supervisory institution capable of performing the hisbah function within a modern constitutional state.
Strengthening the Institutional Structure of the Ombudsman of the Republic of Indonesia: The Urgency of Revising Law Number 37 of 2008 from the Perspective of Fiqh Siyasah Sari, Vidya Nirmala; Holijah, Holijah
Jurnal El-Thawalib Vol 7, No 2 (2026)
Publisher : UIN Syekh Ali Hasan Ahmad Addary Padangsidimpuan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.24952/el-thawalib.v7i2.19585

Abstract

This research examines the weakened oversight function of the Ombudsman of the Republic of Indonesia in public service delivery as a consequence of three fundamental deficiencies within Law Number 37 of 2008 concerning the Ombudsman of the Republic of Indonesia. First, the absence of executive enforcement authority over the Ombudsman’s recommendations results in its operation merely as a magistrature of influence, unlike its counterparts in developed jurisdictions. Second, the Ombudsman’s institutional position remains ambiguous and marginal within the state structure, as it is neither explicitly nor implicitly regulated in the 1945 Constitution. Third, budgetary and human resource constraints inevitably follow from such limited authority, while maladministration practices continue to rise, totaling 81,432 reports over the past two decades. The findings conclude that institutionally, the Ombudsman functions as a state auxiliary organ and, functionally, as part of the fourth branch of government. However, it currently exercises only a magistrature of influence, necessitating a legal transformation into a magistrature of sanction. From the perspective of fiqih siyasah (Islamic political jurisprudence), strengthening the Ombudsman is imperative, as it aligns with the principle of al-amr bi al-ma’ruf wa al-nahy ‘an al-munkar (commanding right and forbidding wrong), the concept of wilayat al-hisbah (public accountability institution), and the objectives of maqashid al-shariah. The proposed institutional strengthening model through legal revision comprises four simultaneous measures: (1) establishing binding executive authority for recommendations; (2) optimizing preventive and educational functions based on the Fiqh Anti-Maladministration framework; (3) strengthening an integrated complaint reporting system with whistleblower protection; and (4) internalizing fiqih siyasah values (trustworthiness, justice, public interest, accountability) into positive law. This research recommends that the revision of Law Number 37 of 2008 accommodate all four measures concurrently, thereby transforming the Ombudsman into a strong, independent supervisory institution capable of performing the hisbah function within a modern constitutional state.
Co-Authors Holijah Holijah Wijayanto, Fajar Yazwardi Yazwardi, Yazwardi