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All Journal International Journal of Energy Systems and Materials Innovation
Rinaldo Hasudungan Malau
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Automotive Engineering Chemical Engineering, Chemistry & Bioengineering Energy Industrial & Manufacturing Engineering Mechanical Engineering

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Optimization of a Non-Invasive Solar Desalination Prototype Using a Hybrid Desalination System (PV-TE) for Off-Grid Clean Water Production in the Region Roy Lamrun Sianturi; Rinaldo Hasudungan Malau; Tiara Melinda
International Journal of Energy Systems and Materials Innovation Vol. 1 No. 2 (2026): Edition January- April IJESMI
Publisher : Gio Vani Publisher

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.17524/ijesmi.v1i2.15

Abstract

Access to clean water in Indonesia's remote coastal areas requires a self-sufficient and sustainable desalination solution. This study aims to optimize a prototype of a non-invasive solar desalination system by integrating Photovoltaic-Thermoelectric (PV-TE) hybrid technology for off-grid clean water production. A pilot-scale unit was developed from a basic passive solar distillation prototype through the addition of photovoltaic panels and thermoelectric modules that double as waste heat recoverers and active condenser coolers. Test results show significant performance improvements, with conductivity removal efficiency reaching 99.83% with ultra-pure water quality (80 µS/cm). Water productivity increased exponentially by 1148%, from 0.50 L/day.m² in the basic prototype to 6.24 L/day.m² in the hybrid system, with a system energy conversion efficiency reaching 29.05%. These findings confirm that the strategic integration of PV-TE components not only overcomes productivity limitations in passive solar desalination but also offers an autonomous desalination solution with low environmental impact. This research contributes to the development of self-sufficient water infrastructure that can be replicated in coastal communities with abundant solar intensity.
The Combustion Characteristics and Exhaust Gas Emissions of Stationary Diesel Engines Fueled with A Mixture of Diesel Fuel (Cinnamon Oil and Basil Oil) Melinda, Tiara; Roy Lamrun Sianturi; Rinaldo Hasudungan Malau
International Journal of Energy Systems and Materials Innovation Vol. 1 No. 2 (2026): Edition January- April IJESMI
Publisher : Gio Vani Publisher

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.17524/ijesmi.v1i2.21

Abstract

The depletion of fossil fuels and strict emissions regulations have driven the need for renewable additives that can improve diesel combustion while reducing pollutants. This study experimentally examined the combustion characteristics and exhaust emissions of diesel fuel mixed with cinnamon oil and basil oil as dual additives in a single-cylinder stationary diesel engine. The essential oils were mixed into the diesel fuel at concentrations of 5%, 10%, and 15%, either individually or in combination, and tested at 1500 rpm with load variations of 0-100%. The results showed that the 10% dual additive mixture (DCB10) provided the best performance with a reduction in CO and HC emissions of 40.9% and 32.1%, respectively, compared to pure diesel fuel. However, NOx emissions increased by 8.5% due to high combustion temperatures and oxygen availability. The synergistic effects of the low viscosity of cinnamon oil and the antioxidant properties of basil oil improved atomization and oxidation kinetics, resulting in more complete combustion. Despite the increase in NOx, the environmental benefits remain positive, making the dual essential oil blend a promising bio-additive for cleaner diesel operation.
Co-Authors Melinda, Tiara Roy Lamrun Sianturi Tiara Melinda