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All Journal JSES : Journal of Sport and Exercise Science
Okanlawon, Ayobami Joseph
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Health Professions

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Binaural Beats as Digital Drugs: Assessing Awareness and Usage Patterns in Nigerian Sports Communities Olowoleni, Victor Ben; Adegbesan, Olufemi Adegbola; Ayodele, Kolade Babatunde; Okundare, Ayobami Alade; Okanlawon, Ayobami Joseph; Oshadare, Deborah
JSES : Journal of Sport and Exercise Science Vol. 9 No. 1 (2026): March
Publisher : Universitas Negeri Surabaya

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.26740/jses.v9n1.p1-13

Abstract

Purpose: The emergence of digital drugs (binaural beats) presents a novel and under-researched challenge within sports, particularly in contexts like Nigeria where psychological support structures are often underdeveloped. This study aimed to assess the level of awareness, sources of information, and usage patterns of digital drugs among Nigerian sports personnel (athletes, coaches, medical staff) and to examine the relationship between awareness and indicators of addiction-like behaviour. Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional survey design was employed, with data collected from 297 personnel via a validated questionnaire (α=.89). Data analysis utilized descriptive statistics, Pearson correlation, one-way ANOVA, and chi-square tests.   Result: Findings revealed a critical knowledge deficit: only 28.6% of respondents were familiar with the term "binaural beats," and 12.8% reported usage. Crucially, no significant relationship was found between awareness levels and addictive behaviour (r = -0.028, p = 0.627). Dependence on informal information sources (e.g., social media, peers) was high and consistent across all professional categories (p > 0.05), indicating a systemic issue. Conclusion: The study identifies a widespread and systemic vulnerability to digital psychoactive aids within the Nigerian sports ecosystem.
Co-Authors Adegbesan, Olufemi Adegbola Ayodele, Kolade Babatunde Okundare, Ayobami Alade Olowoleni, Victor Ben Oshadare, Deborah