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Total Mechanical Intestinal Obstruction due to Intrarectal Foreign Body: A Case Report and Comprehensive Literature Review on Surgical Approaches and Pathophysiological Analysis of the Suction Effect Bimo Nugroho Sakti; Saiful Islam; Edwin Christian Tjiomas; Wibowo Suryo Pambudi
The International Journal of Medical Science and Health Research Vol. 44 No. 2 (2026): The International Journal of Medical Science and Health Research
Publisher : International Medical Journal Corp. Ltd

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.70070/j712e018

Abstract

Introduction Retained rectal foreign body (RFB) represents one of the most challenging and unique clinical presentations in surgical emergency departments worldwide. (1) This condition is often shrouded by social stigma, embarrassment, and cultural barriers, leading patients to delay seeking medical help until life-threatening complications, such as total mechanical intestinal obstruction or colonic perforation, develop. (1) This case report presents the surgical management of a young male patient with acute intestinal obstruction due to a plastic bottle lodged in the rectosigmoid area. Case Illustration A 24-year-old male presented to the emergency department complaining of a plastic bottle inserted into the anus one hour before hospital admission. The patient reported an inability to remove the object independently, accompanied by nausea, abdominal bloating, and loss of ability to pass flatus. Physical examination revealed increased bowel sounds and suprapubic tenderness. Laboratory examination revealed leukocytosis (13,440 / µL), indicating an initial inflammatory response to bowel distension. (6) Plain abdominal radiography (BNO) confirmed the presence of a cylindrical foreign body in the rectosigmoid area. The patient underwent emergency exploratory laparotomy for foreign body evacuation via the intra-abdominal "milking" technique after transanal extraction attempts failed. Discussion RFB management requires a "step-up" algorithm approach, ranging from bedside extraction to open surgical intervention. (11) The failure of manual extraction in this case was due to the large diameter of the bottle and the "suction effect," or vacuum effect, created against the rectosigmoid mucosa. (12) The use of broad-spectrum prophylactic antibiotics such as intravenous Ceftriaxone 1 g proved effective in preventing surgical site infection (SSI) in emergency colorectal surgery procedures. (15) Conclusion Early diagnosis through radiological imaging and careful clinical evaluation is crucial for determining a safe evacuation strategy. (18) Although transanal techniques are the first line, exploratory laparotomy remains the definitive choice to prevent iatrogenic injury in cases of foreign bodies tightly lodged in the proximal rectum. (9) Keywords Rectal Foreign Body, Mechanical Intestinal Obstruction, Exploratory Laparotomy, Rectosigmoid, Colon Pathophysiology.
How Does Anesthesia Type Affect Maternal Complications (Hypotension, Respiratory Depression) and Neonatal Outcomes (Apgar Scores, Umbilical Cord Ph) in Women Undergoing Cesarean Delivery? A Systematic Review Wibowo Suryo Pambudi; Bimo Nugroho Sakti; Ilham Ghifari
The Indonesian Journal of General Medicine Vol. 38 No. 1 (2026): The Indonesian Journal of General Medicine
Publisher : International Medical Journal Corp. Ltd

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.70070/rmwg0d24

Abstract

Introduction: The global rise in cesarean delivery rates necessitates optimization of anesthetic techniques to improve maternal and neonatal outcomes. Despite numerous comparative studies, uncertainty persists regarding the optimal anesthesia strategy for cesarean delivery across different clinical contexts. Methods: This systematic review synthesized evidence from 76 studies published, comprising randomized controlled trials, etc. Studies were included if they compared anesthesia types for cesarean delivery and reported maternal outcomes (hypotension, blood loss, respiratory depression) or neonatal outcomes (Apgar scores, umbilical cord blood gases). Data were extracted on study characteristics, patient populations, anesthesia techniques, and outcome measures. Harvard citation style was applied throughout. Results: Regional anesthesia, particularly spinal techniques, was associated with significantly higher 1-minute Apgar scores (mean difference 0.58 points; 95% CI 0.36-0.79; p<0.001) and reduced need for neonatal respiratory support (RR 0.62; 95% CI 0.40-0.94; p=0.03) compared to general anesthesia. By 5 minutes, Apgar differences diminished but remained significant (MD 0.09; p<0.001). Umbilical artery pH showed inconsistent differences between techniques, with values generally within normal ranges. Spinal anesthesia was associated with higher hypotension incidence (25-80%) versus epidural (23%) or general anesthesia (2-13%). General anesthesia was associated with increased blood loss (mean difference 75.8 mL), higher transfusion requirements, and greater postoperative pain. Norepinephrine demonstrated superior hemodynamic stability compared to phenylephrine with less bradycardia (RR 0.44). In high-risk populations (preeclampsia, placenta previa, fetal growth restriction), outcomes were predominantly determined by underlying pathology rather than anesthesia technique per se. Conclusion: Regional anesthesia is the preferred technique for most cesarean deliveries due to superior neonatal transition profiles and reduced maternal morbidity. General anesthesia remains essential for specific indications where rapid delivery is required or neuraxial techniques are contraindicated. Optimal outcomes require individualized risk stratification and proactive hemodynamic management.