Variasi Genetik Jagung (Zea mays L.) Berdasarkan Karakter Fenotipik Tongkol Jagung yang Dibudidaya di Desa Jono Oge Genetic Variation of Maize (Zea mays L.) Cultivated in Village of Jono Oge Based on the Cob Phenotypic Characters

Mustofa, Zainul
Budiarsa2, I Made
Samdas, Gamar Binti Non

EJIP BIOL
Vol 2, No 3 (2014): e-Jipbiol Jurnal elektronik Prodi Biologi

Abstract This study aims to determine the genetic variation in maize varieties cultivated in the village of Jono Oge. The method used is descriptive method of cob phenotypic characters included 24 quantitative and qualitative characters. The samples used were 6 varieties of Octora, Lamuru, Jaya 2, Kumala, Bonanza and local Pulut. The data were analyzed using the formula of average (mean) and standard deviation, and then were further tested using MVSP program (Multivariate Statistical Package). Data were edited by using PFE program (Program File Editor) and the Clustering based dendogram was constructed to show the genetic relationship among varieties or individual relationships between varieties by UPGMA algorithm. Similarity index was calculated by using Simple Matching existing coëficient on MVSP. The results showed that there were variation on the quantitative and qualitative characters of maize cultivated in Jono Oge. This data was reinforced by the support of similarity index varied between varieties and between individuals that occur in Lamuru and local Pulut varieties with the support of similarity index between 0.65% - 1%. Keywords: Genetic variation, corn, phenotypic character Abstrak Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui variasi genetik varietas jagung yang dibudidayakan di Desa Jono Oge. Metode yang digunakan adalah metode deskriptif dengan menggunakan 24 karakter fenotipik tongkol jagung yaitu meliputi karakter kuantitatif dan kualitatif. Sampel yang digunakan adalah 6 varietas jagung yaitu varietas jagung Octora, Lamuru, Jaya 2, Kumala, Bonanza dan Pulutlokal. Data dianalisis menggunakan rumus rata-rata (mean) dan standar deviasi serta diuji lanjut menggunakan program MVSP (Multivarian Statistical Package). Data diedit dengan program PFE (Program File Editor) dan dendogram dikonstruksi berdasarkan Clustering yang menunjukkan hubungan kekerabatan antar varietas atau hubungan individu antar varietas menggunakan algorithm UPGMA. Indeks similaritas dihitung menggunakan metode Simple Matching Coefficient yang ada pada MVSP. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa secara kuantitatif dan kualitatif jagung yang dibudidayakan di Jono Oge menunjukkan adanya variasi. Data yang bervariasi antar varietas dan antar individu yang terjadi pada varietas Lamuru dan Pulut lokal diperkuat oleh dukungan indeks similaritas antara 0,65 % - 1%. Kata Kunci: Variasi genetik, jagung, karakter fenotipik