Production of Micro Crystalline Cellulose from Tapioca Solid Waste: Effect of Acid Concentration on its Physico-chemical Properties

Ansharullah Ansharullah (Department of Food Science and Technology, Halu Oleo University Kendari)
Nur Muhammad Abdillah Saenuddin (Department of Food Science and Technology, Halu Oleo University Kendari)
RH Fitri Faradilla (Department of Food Science and Technology, Halu Oleo University Kendari)
Asranuddin Asranudin (Department of Food Science and Technology, Halu Oleo University Kendari)
Asniar Asniar (Department of Natural Resources and Environmental Management, IPB University Bogor)
Muhammad Nurdin (Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Halu Oleo University Kendari)

JURNAL KIMIA SAINS DAN APLIKASI
Vol 23, No 5 (2020): Volume 23 Issue 5 Year 2020

This study was aimed to examine the production of microcrystalline cellulose (MCC) from tapioca solid waste (TSW), using HCl hydrolysis with various concentrations, i.e., 2 N, 2.5 N, 3 N, and 3.5 N. MCC was produced by delignifying the TSW with NaOH 20%, and bleaching with NaOCl 3.5% to produce α-cellulose, and subsequently hydrolyzing α-cellulose with three different HCl concentrations to produce MCC. The physicochemical properties of MCC were then analyzed, including Scanning Electron Micrograph (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and FTIR spectra. The results showed that hydrolysis with 2.0 N HCl resulted in a higher yield of 61.28%, α-cellulose content of 56.33%, moisture 6.25%, pH of 6.54; ash 0.23%, and water solubility 0.34%. SEM analysis showed the morphology and size of the MCC produced were like those of a commercial MCC (Avicel PH101), while the XRD analysis showed the higher concentration of HCl gave rise to an increased crystalline index. FT-IR spectrum analysis indicated that TSW, MCC produced, and commercial MCC had similar functional groups.