Powdered Activated Carbon (PAC)-Ceramic Composite Adsorbent for Iron and Aluminum Cations Removal from Acid Mine Drainage

Tine Aprianti (Department of Chemical Engineering, The University of Western Australia, 35 Stirling Hwy, Crawley WA 6009 Perth, Australia)
Tuti Indah Sari (Department of Chemical Engineering, Universitas Sriwijaya, Jalan Palembang – Prabumulih KM. 32 Ogan Ilir South Sumatera 30662, Indonesia)
Fitri Hadiah (Department of Chemical Engineering, Universitas Sriwijaya, Jalan Palembang – Prabumulih KM. 32 Ogan Ilir South Sumatera 30662, Indonesia)
Yadi Utama (Department of Information Systems and Computer Science, Universitas Sriwijaya, Jalan Palembang – Prabumulih KM. 32 Ogan Ilir South Sumatera 30662, Indonesia)
Muhammad Said (Department of Chemical Engineering, Universitas Sriwijaya, Jalan Palembang – Prabumulih KM. 32 Ogan Ilir South Sumatera 30662, Indonesia)

Journal of Engineering and Technological Sciences
Vol. 54 No. 1 (2022)

Acid mine drainage has become a serious problem globally, polluting groundwater with heavy metals. Adsorption is considered a simple and effective approach to addressing this emerging issue. A commonly used adsorbent is powdered activated carbon (PAC), but this is susceptible to being washed into the waste stream, either during or after the adsorption process due to its low density. This research combined PAC with clay that was molded into small clay balls (~1 cm in diameter) then baked at a very high temperature of 1000 °C to create a ceramic adsorbent. The adsorbent activation used NaOH 48% alkali solution to improve its capability in binding metallic cations. This research demonstrated that the PAC-ceramic composite is an efficient adsorbent for the removal of Fe (iron) and Al (aluminum) cations from acid mine drainage. The results showed that the most favorable contaminant removal was 60.87% for Fe and 52.13% for Al, using a PAC:clay ratio of 45:55 (w/w) in 10 hours contact time.