<![CDATA[Over the years, numerous maximum power point tracking (MPPT) methods have been developed to extract the maximum available power from PV arrays. They are generally categorized as conventional or metaheuristic methods. The most employed conventional methods include perturb and observe (P&O), hill climbing (HC), and incremental conductance (INC), due to their simplicity and ease of implementation. However, under partial shading condition (PSC), none of them can effectively locate a global maximum power point (GMPP) out of many local maximum power points (LMPPs). This results in significant power loss during PSC, prompting the development of various metaheuristic-based MPPT methods to address the problem. This paper reviews 38 existing metaheuristic-based MPPTs and 27 metaheuristic methods that have not yet been applied to any MPPT operation up to date. Metaphorically, these methods are divided into four categories: (i) evolutionary-based, (ii) physics-based, (iii) swarm-based, and (iv) human-based. The different MPPTs are compared in terms of complexity, converter topology, and PSC tracking capability. This paper is intended to serve as a one-stop resource for any researcher, practitioner, or advanced student seeking to develop a new metaheuristic-based MPPT method.]]>
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