The Advantages of Factor Analysis as a Method of Testing Questionnaires in Health Research

Heru Santoso Wahito Nugroho (Center of Excellence of Community Empowerment in Health, Poltekkes Kemenkes Surabaya [e-mail] (Corresponding Author))
Abdullah Al Mamun (Knowledge Dynamics)
Tanko Titus Titus Auta (Department of Nursing, Bingham University Karu, Nasarawa State, Nigeria)
Bahtiar Bahtiar (Nursing Department, Poltekkes Kemenkes Makassar)
Sanglar Polnok (Faculty of Nursing, Naresuan University)
Joel Rey Ugsang Acob
Hammad Hammad (Department of Nursing, Poltekkes Kemenkes Banjarmasin)
I Putu Suiraoka (Department of Nutrition, Poltekkes Kemenkes Denpasar)
Ragu Harming Kristina (Department of Environmental Health, Poltekkes Kemenkes Kupang)

AloHA International Journal of Health Advancement (AIJHA)
Vol 6, No 9 (2025): September 2025

Questionnaires are a data collection method that is widely used in health research. Nowadays, the validity test that is often used to assess the quality of questionnaires is the item-total correlation test. This study aims to introduce another method that is often said to be better by experts, namely factor analysis. When compared with item-total correlation analysis, factor analysis has the advantages of: 1) it can reveal the latent structure of the variables being measured; 2) can capture multivariate variations; 3) can test construct validity, namely whether the questionnaire is able to measure concepts or constructs theoretically; 4) can determine how many factors are needed to explain the variance in the data. It was concluded that taking into account its advantages, factor analysis is the best choice for testing the validity of questionnaires in health research. Keywords: health research; questionnaire; validity test; categorical variables; factor analysis