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All Journal AloHA International Journal of Health Advancement (AIJHA)
Bahtiar Bahtiar
Nursing Department, Poltekkes Kemenkes Makassar
Biochemistry, Genetics & Molecular Biology Dentistry Health Professions Immunology & microbiology Medicine & Pharmacology Nursing Public Health

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How to Interpret Categorical Data in Health Research? Heru Santoso Wahito Nugroho; Sanglar Polnok; Joel Rey Ugsang Acob; Abdullah Al Mamun; Rafif Naufi Waskitha Hapsari; Rozan Asyrofi Rakyan Risang Aji; Bahtiar Bahtiar; Arief Budiono; Handoyo Handoyo; Hery Koesmantoro; Sunarto Sunarto; Teta Puji Rahayu; Nimsi Melati; Retno Vivi Intening; Suparji Suparji; N. Surtinah; Tri Wahyuni Ismoyowati; Tanko Titus Auta
Aloha International Journal of Health Advancement (AIJHA) Vol 6, No 8 (2025): August 2025
Publisher : Alliance oh Health Activists (AloHA)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.33846/aijha60805

Abstract

In health research, many categorical variables are found that must be analyzed using descriptive statistical methods, then interpreted. Currently, there are still many health researchers who interpret categorical variable data in the health sector in the same way as social research in general, namely focusing on the categories with the largest proportions. In fact, for health research, researchers should focus on the expression of unexpected categories. Therefore, this should be a concern for the health research community, especially in the campus environment as the first place for students and health researchers to study and apply various types of health research. This is an urgency, so that the quality of health research can be immediately improved, especially in terms of data interpretation. It was concluded that there were many errors in interpreting categorical variable data in the health sector, so this had to be anticipated from the time of education on campus. Keywords: health research; categorical variables; data interpretation; unexpected category
The Advantages of Factor Analysis as a Method of Testing Questionnaires in Health Research Heru Santoso Wahito Nugroho; Abdullah Al Mamun; Tanko Titus Titus Auta; Bahtiar Bahtiar; Sanglar Polnok; Joel Rey Ugsang Acob; Hammad Hammad; I Putu Suiraoka; Ragu Harming Kristina
Aloha International Journal of Health Advancement (AIJHA) Vol 6, No 9 (2025): September 2025
Publisher : Alliance oh Health Activists (AloHA)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.33846/aijha60901

Abstract

Questionnaires are a data collection method that is widely used in health research. Nowadays, the validity test that is often used to assess the quality of questionnaires is the item-total correlation test. This study aims to introduce another method that is often said to be better by experts, namely factor analysis. When compared with item-total correlation analysis, factor analysis has the advantages of: 1) it can reveal the latent structure of the variables being measured; 2) can capture multivariate variations; 3) can test construct validity, namely whether the questionnaire is able to measure concepts or constructs theoretically; 4) can determine how many factors are needed to explain the variance in the data. It was concluded that taking into account its advantages, factor analysis is the best choice for testing the validity of questionnaires in health research. Keywords: health research; questionnaire; validity test; categorical variables; factor analysis
Co-Authors Abdullah Al Mamun Arief Budiono Hammad Hammad Handoyo Handoyo Heru Santoso Wahito Nugroho I Putu Suiraoka Intening, Vivi Retno Ismoyowati, Tri Wahyuni Joel Rey Ugsang Acob Joel Rey Ugsang Acob Koesmantoro, Hery Melati, Nimsi N. Surtinah Rafif Naufi Waskitha Hapsari Ragu Harming Kristina Rozan Asyrofi Rakyan Risang Aji Sanglar Polnok Sunarto, Sunarto Suparji Suparji Tanko Titus Auta Tanko Titus Titus Auta Teta Puji Rahayu