Gambaran kualitas hidup lansia anggota prolanis di wilayah kerja Puskesmas Grogol

Agustia Cahyani (Universitas Muhammadiyah Surakarta)
Kartinah Kartinah (Universitas muhammadiyah Surakarta)

Holistik Jurnal Kesehatan
Vol. 18 No. 10 (2024): Volume 18 Nomor 10

Background: According to World Health Organization (WHO) data in 2017, Southeast Asia contributed 9.8% of the elderly population worldwide, this could increase to 13.7% and 20.3% in 2030 and 2050. In Sukoharjo district, the elderly population is estimated to increase in 2021 by 21.50% and to 22.16% in 2022. The data obtained showed that hypertension was 269.296 elderly and the largest number was in the Grogol Health Center work area with 35.067 people with hypertension and 2.356 elderly with diabetes mellitus. Chronic diseases are very susceptible to being suffered by the elderly which makes quality of life very important for the safety and comfort of the elderly. Purpose: To find out the picture of the quality of life of elderly members of the chronic disease management program in the Grogol Health Center work area. Method: Descriptive analytical approach research with a cross-sectional design, conducted in September 2024 during the chronic disease control program at the Grogol Sukoharjo Health Center. The population used were adults who were classified as elderly, the sampling technique used non-probability and purposive sampling, a sample of 81 respondents was obtained. Data collection used primary and secondary data, consisting of 4 factors, namely physical, psychological, social, and environmental factors. Results: Shows that the subjective quality of life of respondents and general health are mostly in the good category as many as 50 (61.7%). In addition, environmental health factors are also good as many as 51 (63.0%). Several variables that fall into the moderate category are general quality of life as many as 42 (51.9%), physical health factors as many as 50 (61.7%), psychological health factors as many as 38 (46.9%), and social relationship factors as many as 39 (48.2%). Conclusion: The quality of life of the elderly in general is influenced by the level of education, income, and the absence of complications of the disease suffered. Factors that greatly support the quality of life of the elderly are subjective quality of life and general health.   Keywords: Chronic Diseases; Diabetes Mellitus; Elderly; Hypertension; Quality of Life.   Pendahuluan: Menurut data World Health Organization (WHO) pada tahun 2017, Asia Tenggara menyumbang 9.8% populasi lansia dari seluruh dunia. Hal ini dapat meningkat hingga 13.7% dan 20.3% pada tahun 2030 dan 2050. Di kabupaten Sukoharjo, populasi lansia diperkirakan meningkat pada tahun 2021 sebesar 21.50% dan menjadi 22.16% pada tahun 2022. Data didapatkan bahwa penyakit hipertensi sebanyak 269.296 orang lansia dan yang paling banyak ada di wilayah kerja Puskesmas Grogol dengan jumlah penderita hipertensi sebanyak 35.067 dan penderita diabetes mellitus sebanyak 2.356. Penyakit kronis sangat rentan terhadap lansia yang mengakibatkan kualitas hidup sangat penting terhadap rasa aman dan kenyamanan lansia. Tujuan: Untuk mengetahui gambaran kualitas hidup lansia anggota prolanis di wilayah kerja Puskesmas Grogol. Metode: Penelitian menggunakan pendekatan analisis deskriptif dengan desain cross-sectional, dilakukan pada bulan September 2024 selama kegiatan program pengelolaan penyakit kronis (Prolanis) di Puskesmas Grogol, Sukoharjo. Populasi dalam penelitian ini adalah orang dewasa yang tergolong lanjut usia dengan teknik pengambilan sampel menggunakan sampling non-probability dan purposive, selanjutnya didapatkan sampel sebanyak 81 responden. Pengambilan data menggunakan data primer dan sekunder, terdiri dari 4 faktor yaitu faktor fisik, psikologis, sosial, dan lingkungan. Hasil: Menunjukkan bahwa kualitas hidup responden secara subjektif dan kesehatan umum sebagian besar masuk dalam kategori baik sebanyak 50 (61.7%). Selain itu, faktor kesehatan lingkungan juga baik sebanyak 51 (63.0%). Beberapa variabel yang masuk ke dalam kategori sedang yaitu kualitas hidup secara umum sebanyak 42 (51.9%), faktor kesehatan fisik sebanyak 50 (61.7%), faktor kesehatan psikologis sebanyak 38 (46.9%), dan faktor hubungan sosial sebanyak 39 (48.2%). Simpulan: Kualitas hidup lansia secara umum dipengaruhi oleh tingkat pendidikan, pendapatan, dan tidak adanya komplikasi penyakit yang diderita. Faktor yang sangat menunjang pada kualitas hidup lansia adalah kualitas hidup subjektif dan kesehatan umumnya.   Kata Kunci: Diabetes Mellitus; Hipertensi; Kualitas Hidup; Lanjut Usia; Penyakit Kronis.