<![CDATA[Understanding vegetation composition and structure in conservation areas is essential for establishing ecological baseline information to support effective forest management. This study aimed to characterize the composition and structure of vegetation at the Maleo Hungayono Sanctuary, Tulabolo Pinogu Resort, Bogani Nani Wartabone National Park, Indonesia. A quantitative field survey was conducted in January 2024 using a multiple-plot sampling method across tree, pole, and sapling strata. Vegetation data were collected from five sampling plots and analyzed using density, relative density, frequency, relative frequency, dominance, relative dominance, and the Importance Value Index (IVI). The survey identified 22 plant species representing 20 families. At the tree stratum, Cananga orodata exhibited the highest relative density (25.71%), whereas Ficus variegata recorded the highest relative dominance (32.04%) and IVI (55.85%). At the pole stratum, Kleinhovia hospital L. was the most structurally prominent species, with an IVI of 123.04%. The same species also dominated the sapling stratum, recording an IVI of 92.24%. These findings demonstrate differences in species dominance across vegetation strata and provide baseline ecological information on forest vegetation composition and structure within the sanctuary. The results may serve as a reference for vegetation monitoring and the development of site-specific forest management strategies.]]>
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