<![CDATA[The purpose of this study is to discuss the concept of collateral in legal obligations including general and special guarantees, such as pledges, mortgages, fiduciaries, and mortgages. Collateral serves to provide legal certainty that an agreement or debt will be carried out. This article also examines how collateral is used in the context of business and economics, including commercial and business contracts and obligations involved in electronic transactions and e-commerce. In the business world, obligations include contracts such as sales and purchase contracts, business cooperation agreements, and business asset lease agreements. With the advancement of technology, new forms of obligations have emerged, such as electronic contracts (e-contracts). The Electronic Information and Transactions Law (ITE) and related regulations regulate this type of obligation. The purpose of this article is to improve understanding of the role of obligations and collateral in supporting legal certainty in the digital and conventional economic sectors.]]>
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