<![CDATA[The visual system has complex connections with all brain areas and can be affected by a brain tumor. Neuro-ophthalmological examinations are important because early diagnosis and managing small tumors will improve outcomes. This study aimed to investigate brain tumors' neuro-ophthalmic (NO) manifestation and the affecting factors. A cross-sectional study using total sampling was conducted in patients undergoing pre-operative examinations from January 2014 to December 2019 in dr. Cipto Mangunkusumo National Referral Hospital. Variables studied in this paper are brain tumor characteristics, NO manifestations, and the relationship between them. Analysis was conducted using chi-square or Fisher's exact test and post hoc analysis. All subjects presented with NO manifestations, with fundoscopic abnormalities (72.9%) as the most common manifestation. The relationships between the tumor type with visual field disturbances (p=0.002) and multiple tumor lesions with funduscopic abnormalities (p=0.043) were significant. Lesion location also had a significant relationship with all NO variables (p<0.05). The NO manifestations were found in all subjects, predominantly the fundoscopic abnormalities. The tumor type, number of lesions, and location of lesions had a significant relationship with NO manifestations.]]>
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