<![CDATA[Pharmaceutical inventory management is a critical component in maintaining the quality of healthcare services in hospitals, particularly in the management of critical medications. This study aims to comprehensively analyze pharmaceutical inventory management systems in hospitals using a qualitative case study approach across three different types of healthcare institutions. Data were collected through in-depth interviews, non-participant observations, and document analysis. The findings reveal that the efficiency and effectiveness of critical drug stock management are strongly influenced by human resource competencies, technological infrastructure, internal policies, and external factors such as regulations and supply chain dynamics. The application of information technology, lean management, and predictive analytics significantly contributes to improving drug availability and reducing stockout risks. However, challenges such as budget constraints, competency gaps, and technical limitations of information systems remain major obstacles. The results emphasize the importance of a systemic, collaborative, and data-driven approach in optimizing pharmaceutical inventory management. Strategic recommendations focus on strengthening technology integration, enhancing human resource capacity, and developing adaptive supply chain models to improve the resilience of hospital pharmaceutical systems in the future. Manajemen inventori farmasi merupakan elemen krusial dalam menjaga kualitas layanan kesehatan di rumah sakit, khususnya dalam pengelolaan obat-obatan kritis. Penelitian ini bertujuan menganalisis secara komprehensif sistem manajemen inventori farmasi di rumah sakit melalui pendekatan kualitatif studi kasus di tiga tipe institusi kesehatan berbeda. Data dikumpulkan melalui wawancara mendalam, observasi non-partisipatif, dan analisis dokumentasi. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa efisiensi dan efektivitas pengelolaan stok obat kritis sangat dipengaruhi oleh kompetensi sumber daya manusia, infrastruktur teknologi, kebijakan internal, serta faktor eksternal seperti regulasi dan dinamika rantai pasok. Penerapan teknologi informasi, lean management, serta analitik prediktif berkontribusi signifikan dalam meningkatkan ketersediaan obat dan mengurangi risiko kekosongan stok. Namun, tantangan seperti keterbatasan anggaran, kesenjangan kompetensi, dan kendala teknis sistem informasi tetap menjadi hambatan utama. Temuan ini menegaskan pentingnya pendekatan sistemik, kolaboratif, dan berbasis data dalam optimalisasi manajemen inventori farmasi. Rekomendasi strategis difokuskan pada penguatan integrasi teknologi, peningkatan kapasitas SDM, serta pengembangan model rantai pasok adaptif untuk meningkatkan ketahanan sistem farmasi rumah sakit ke depan.]]>
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