<![CDATA[Understanding welding defect analysis is a crucial competency in vocational welding education, especially in ensuring the quality and safety of welding outcomes. However, many students struggle to master this material due to the lack of interactive and adaptive learning media. This study aims to develop and implement an electronic module (e-module) to enhance student learning outcomes in Shielded Metal Arc Welding (SMAW) defect analysis at SMK N 5 Semarang. The research uses a Research and Development (R&D) approach based on the 4D model: Define, Design, Develop, and Disseminate. A one-group pre-test post-test design was used, involving 33 Grade XI Mechanical Engineering 2 students. The e-module was validated by experts and classified as "Valid" in terms of content, media, and assessments. Students' average scores increased from 40.61 in the pre-test to 78.64 in the post-test. Statistical analysis using the Wilcoxon Signed-Rank Test and paired t-test showed a significant difference (p < 0.001). The average N-Gain score was 0.63, indicating a moderate improvement. The results confirm that the e-module is both feasible and effective. It enhances students’ conceptual understanding and supports independent, technology-based learning aligned with the characteristics of digital-native learners.]]>
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