<![CDATA[This study aims to analyze how indirect costs of education, such as uniforms and transportation, contribute to inequality in access to education in disadvantaged, outermost, and remote (3T) areas in Indonesia. This study uses a qualitative approach with a systematic literature review method on various scientific publications, policy reports, and secondary data published between 2019 and 2024. Data sources were selected purposively by considering the relevance to the context of 3T areas and their relationship to indirect education costs. The results of the study show that 68% of low-income families in 3T areas allocate up to 40% of their monthly income to cover indirect education costs. This burden significantly worsens school participation rates, with a strong correlation to increased dropout rates at primary and secondary education levels. This study concludes that inequality in access to education in 3T areas is not only influenced by geographical and infrastructure factors, but also by the high burden of indirect costs. Therefore, it is necessary to integrate geolocation-based education subsidy policies and reform the recipient data collection system to be more accurate and targeted.]]>
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