<![CDATA[The early rise of the national movement in Indonesia was marked by the establishment of Budi Utomo on May 20, 1908, and the expansion of Sarekat Islam as a broader socio-political movement. Budi Utomo, focusing on education and the welfare of indigenous people, pioneered national awareness among the Javanese intellectual elite. Meanwhile, Sarekat Islam, initially a trade organization, successfully attracted various social groups and expanded the national struggle into economic and social justice domains. Despite their different approaches, both organizations played a crucial role in fostering national consciousness, inspiring the emergence of other nationalist movements. The synergy between intellectual and socio-economic movements became a vital foundation in Indonesia’s struggle for independence.]]>
Copyrights © 2025
