<![CDATA[This study aims to explore students' understanding of hisab (astronomical calculation) and rukyah (moon sighting) techniques in determining worship times at Pesantren Raudlatul Ulum 1 Ganjaran Gondanglegi, Malang. Using a descriptive qualitative approach, data were collected through in-depth interviews, participant observations, and document analysis. The findings indicate that while most students possess a basic theoretical understanding of hisab and rukyah, they lack practical experience in their application. The hisab method is more widely relied upon due to its practicality and alignment with modern technology, while rukyah remains underutilized in practice. Factors such as the quality of instructors, students' educational background, and curriculum structure significantly influence their level of comprehension. This study recommends the systematic integration of Islamic astronomy (ilmu falak) into the pesantren curriculum, enhancement of teacher competencies, and the implementation of regular rukyah and astronomical observation practices to foster students who are critical, independent, and responsible in determining worship times. Abstrak Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengkaji pemahaman santri terhadap teknik hisab dan rukyah dalam penentuan waktu ibadah di Pesantren Raudlatul Ulum 1 Ganjaran Gondanglegi Malang. Dengan menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif deskriptif, data dikumpulkan melalui wawancara mendalam, observasi partisipatif, dan analisis dokumen. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa meskipun sebagian besar santri memahami konsep dasar hisab dan rukyah, pemahaman mereka masih bersifat teoritis tanpa banyak pengalaman praktik langsung. Metode hisab cenderung lebih diandalkan karena dianggap lebih praktis dan relevan dengan teknologi modern, sedangkan praktik rukyah belum banyak dilakukan secara sistematis di pesantren. Faktor-faktor seperti kualitas tenaga pengajar, latar belakang pendidikan santri, dan struktur kurikulum sangat memengaruhi tingkat pemahaman tersebut. Penelitian ini merekomendasikan integrasi ilmu falak dalam kurikulum pesantren, peningkatan kompetensi guru, serta pelaksanaan kegiatan praktikum rukyah dan observasi astronomis secara berkala untuk membentuk santri yang kritis, mandiri, dan bertanggung jawab dalam penentuan waktu ibadah]]>
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