Lectura: Jurnal Ilmu Komunikasi
Vol. 2 No. 1 (2025): August

ANALISIS BUDAYA POLITIK MINANGKABAU DALAM FILM TENGGELAMNYA KAPAL VAN DER WIJCK

Frans Tory Damara Pradipta (Unknown)



Article Info

Publish Date
30 Aug 2025

Abstract

Film adalah media kuat yang merepresentasikan dan memengaruhi persepsi budaya. Penelitian ini menganalisis representasi budaya politik Minangkabau dalam film "Tenggelamnya Kapal Van Der Wijck", sebuah karya sinematik yang sarat akan nilai-nilai adat. Masyarakat Minangkabau dikenal dengan sistem kekerabatan matrilineal dan filosofi "Adat Basandi Syarak, Syarak Basandi Kitabullah", yang membentuk identitas kultural dan struktur politik mereka. Film ini dipilih sebagai objek kajian karena secara eksplisit menampilkan dinamika adat dan konflik individu versus kolektif pada era 1930-an. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode kualitatif dengan pendekatan studi literatur ekstensif tentang budaya Minangkabau dan konsep budaya politik, serta analisis film "Tenggelamnya Kapal Van Der Wijck". Film ditonton secara seksama untuk mengidentifikasi adegan, dialog, dan simbol yang merefleksikan nilai-nilai dan dinamika kekuasaan adat. Data dianalisis melalui reduksi, penyajian, dan verifikasi untuk menarik kesimpulan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa film ini secara efektif merepresentasikan budaya politik Minangkabau melalui tiga aspek utama: (1) Sistem matrilineal sebagai fondasi legitimasi sosial dan politik, di mana status keturunan ibu menentukan penerimaan individu dan memengaruhi keputusan personal seperti pernikahan; (2) Prinsip "Adat Basandi Syarak" yang mengikat otoritas adat (Ninik Mamak) dalam pengambilan keputusan kolektif, meskipun terkadang interpretasi adat yang kaku mendominasi; dan (3) Konflik antara kehendak individu dan tuntutan kolektif, yang secara dramatis digambarkan melalui penderitaan karakter utama yang harus tunduk pada norma komunal yang kuat. Secara keseluruhan, film ini menjadi cermin kompleksitas budaya politik Minangkabau, menunjukkan bagaimana tradisi lokal membentuk struktur kekuasaan dan membatasi kebebasan individu demi menjaga harmoni komunitas. Abstract Film serves as a powerful medium for representing and influencing cultural perceptions. This research analyzes the representation of Minangkabau political culture in the film "Tenggelamnya Kapal Van Der Wijck" (The Sinking of the Van Der Wijck Ship), a cinematic work imbued with profound customary values. Minangkabau society is renowned for its matrilineal kinship system and the philosophical principle of "Adat Basandi Syarak, Syarak Basandi Kitabullah" (Custom based on Islamic Law, Islamic Law based on the Qur'an), both of which shape their cultural identity and political structure. This film was chosen as the object of study due to its explicit portrayal of customary dynamics and the conflict between individual and collective interests during the 1930s. This study employs a qualitative methodology, utilizing an extensive literature review on Minangkabau culture and concepts of political culture, alongside a film analysis of "Tenggelamnya Kapal Van Der Wijck." The film was meticulously viewed to identify scenes, dialogues, and symbols that reflect the values and power dynamics of Minangkabau custom. Data were analyzed through reduction, presentation, and verification to draw conclusions.   The findings indicate that the film effectively represents Minangkabau political culture through three main aspects: (1) The matrilineal system serves as the foundation of social and political legitimacy, where the mother's lineage determines an individual's acceptance and influences personal decisions like marriage; (2) The "Adat Basandi Syarak" principle binds the authority of traditional leaders (Ninik Mamak) in collective decision-making, though rigid interpretations of custom often dominate; and (3) The conflict between individual will and collective demands, dramatically depicted through the suffering of the main characters who must submit to strong communal norms. Overall, the film acts as a rich mirror to the complexities of Minangkabau political culture, illustrating how local traditions shape power structures and limit individual freedom for the sake of community harmony.

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Journal Info

Abbrev

lectura

Publisher

Subject

Humanities Environmental Science Languange, Linguistic, Communication & Media Social Sciences

Description

Lectura: Jurnal Ilmu Komunikasi publishes research articles and conceptual papers in the field of communication, with a focus on strategic communication, media, and journalism in Indonesia. It is published biannually, in August and February, by the Department of Communication, Faculty of Social and ...