Energy-Efficient Protocols for Massive IOT Connectivity in 6G Networks

Ravilla, Lokesh
Upadhyay, Satish
Louis, Magthelin Therase
Swain, Biswaranjan
Mamatha, G. N.
Mishra, Smita
Aneja, Aseem

International Journal of Engineering, Science and Information Technology
Vol 5, No 1 (2025)

The possible evolution in wireless communication as it approaches sixth-generation (6G) networks highlights remarkable features, including one of device connectivity, ultra-low latency, and energy efficiency, enabling mIoT deployment. However, these features come with a myriad of challenges with the integration of billions of constrained IoT devices, especially in relation to the aforementioned energy hurdles alongside scalability and spectrum efficiency. This work focuses on energy-efficient 6G IoT networks, proposing new low-power adaptive communication protocols, emphasising power adaptive performance, dependability, and trustworthiness. The roles of key facilitators, Reconfigurable Intelligent Surfaces (RIS), Non-Orthogonal Multiple Access (NOMA), machine learning coupled with energy harvesting, and even off-grid sustainable power sources are critical for enhanced sustainable connectivity. Covering the protocol design in the physical, MAC, and network layers permits the highlighting of cross-layer optimisation IoT ecosystems in 6G and the focused attention IoT research lacks, supporting bold, environmentally sustainable infrastructure designs.