<![CDATA[This systematic review explores the role of classroom interaction in enhancing second language (L2) speaking fluency. Twenty-one peer-reviewed studies published between 2020 and 2025 were analyzed thematically and chronologically from ERIC, Scopus, and Google Scholar databases. Findings indicate that teacher-student and peer-to-peer interactions significantly improve learners’ confidence, engagement, and oral fluency. Structured classroom dialogue and feedback foster natural speech development, while collaborative tasks such as group discussions and role-plays encourage communicative competence. However, anxiety, fear of criticism, and large class sizes remain barriers to participation. The review suggests adopting balanced interactive strategies, low-stakes speaking tasks, and supportive classroom environments enhanced by digital tools to optimize fluency outcomes. Future studies should explore long-term impacts and the integration of emerging technologies in L2 pedagogy.]]>
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