Analyzing corruption, political influence, socioeconomic conditions, and living standards in Pakistan

Mazher, Dr. Muhammad Ahmad
Khan, Asma
Tramankuti, Yasotha Nair

Journal of Commerce Management and Tourism Studies
Vol. 4 No. 3 (2025): Dec 2025

The analysis examines the relationship between economic indicators and final household consumption expenditures (FHCE) in Pakistan from 1991-2023. Four variables were used: total population, corruption perception index, political stability, and absence of violence. The results show a positive association between the general population and FHCE in both the short and long terms. However, the corruption perception index reduces FHCE by 0.4430 units, with a negative short-term effect. Political stability has a moderate long-term effect. PSVA has a negative influence on FHCE. The model explains 85.60% variation in FHCE, suggesting population growth management, corruption control, and political stability policies.