Determinants of Employee Productivity in Public Institutions: Integrating Recruitment, Motivation, and Organizational Factors

Faizal Rachman (Doctoral Student of Management Science Program, Universitas Bhayangkara Jaya, Indonesia)
Hapzi Ali (Lecturer of the Doctoral Program in Management Science, Universitas Bhayangkara Jaya, Indonesia)

Jurnal Ilmu Multidisplin
Vol. 4 No. 5 (2025): Jurnal Ilmu Multidisplin (Desember 2025 - Januari 2026)

Employee productivity in public institutions is a key determinant of organizational effectiveness. This article provides a systematic analysis integrating Human Capital Theory, Expectancy Theory, Public Service Motivation (PSM), Transformational Leadership Theory, and High-Performance Work Systems (HPWS). The study aims to build a comprehensive conceptual model explaining how competency-based recruitment, intrinsic–extrinsic motivation, organizational culture, digital transformation, and leadership influence employee competence and sustainable productivity in BPJS Ketenagakerjaan. The results of the literature synthesis show that intrinsic motivation, mission-driven orientation, competency alignment, and collaborative leadership practices are the strongest predictors of long-term employee productivity. This article contributes to strengthening strategic HRM design in public-sector organizations.