Nuansa Informatika
Vol. 20 No. 1 (2026): Nuansa Informatika 20.1 Januari 2026

Operationalizing Model Context Protocol for Multi-Platform Academic Search: A Comparative Study of LLM Grounding

RIZQULLAH ARYAPUTRA PILIANG (Universitas Pertahanan)
ANINDITO (Universitas Pertahanan)
ERYAN AHMAD FIRDAUS (Universitas Pertahanan)



Article Info

Publish Date
20 Jan 2026

Abstract

This study introduces the Paper Search Model Context Protocol (MCP) server, a unified architecture enabling Large Language Models (LLMs) to autonomously search and retrieve academic literature across heterogeneous platforms (arXiv, PubMed, bioRxiv, medRxiv, Semantic Scholar, and CrossRef). By normalizing diverse metadata into a standardized schema, the system facilitates platform-agnostic tool use. We evaluate this infrastructure by tasking GPT-4.1 and GPT-5.1 with generating grounded literature reviews on AI applications in medicine, cybersecurity, and transportation, measuring performance against retrieved abstracts using ROUGE and BERTScore. Results indicate that GPT-4.1 achieves superior semantic and structural alignment, particularly when grounded via CrossRef (BERTScore F1 = 0.881, ROUGE-L F1 = 0.375), outperforming GPT-5.1 across most metrics. While GPT-5.1 demonstrates higher unigram recall (ROUGE-1 = 0.412 on arXiv), it exhibits lower structural fidelity. These findings validate MCP as a robust integration layer for academic RAG systems and demonstrate that standardized tool interfaces enable precise, quantitative assessment of LLM grounding capabilities.

Copyrights © 2026






Journal Info

Abbrev

ilkom

Publisher

Subject

Computer Science & IT

Description

NUANSA INFORMATIKA adalah jurnal peer-review tentang Informasi dan Teknologi yang mencakup semua cabang IT dan sub-disiplin termasuk Algoritma, desain sistem, jaringan, game, IoT, rekayasa Perangkat Lunak, aplikasi Seluler, dan ...