<![CDATA[The main issue highlighted in this study stems from the weak implementation of participatory democracy in Indonesia, despite the existence of various regulations that formally provide space for public involvement in policy-making. The gap between normative guarantees and actual practices is evident in the low level of political literacy, limited access to public information, and the strong dominance of political elites in decision-making processes. This research aims to comprehensively analyze the role of society in the public policy process and to assess the extent to which the principles of participatory democracy are realized in governmental practice. Using a qualitative approach through literature studies on legislation, scientific journals, and relevant academic documents, this study examines both formal and non-formal forms of participation, along with the supporting and inhibiting factors that influence them. The findings reveal that although public participation is legally guaranteed, its implementation remains far from ideal. Various participation mechanisms tend to be procedural and do not substantially influence policy outcomes. These findings underscore the need for strengthening community capacity, improving political literacy, and ensuring the government’s commitment to providing more inclusive, responsive, and transparent participatory spaces]]>
Copyrights © 2025
