Guidance and counseling are among the essential aspects of education, serving to support students’ comprehensive development. To ensure that counseling services are delivered professionally and contextually, a strong understanding of their theoretical foundations is required. This article outlines five main pillars that underpin counseling practices: philosophical, psychological, socio-cultural, scientific-technological, and religious dimensions. Each foundation contributes uniquely to shaping a holistic counseling approach. The integration of these five dimensions results in counseling services that are relevant, comprehensive, and responsive to students needs.
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