<![CDATA[In vitro culture provides an effective strategy for conserving and mass propagating the endangered orchid Dendrobium mussauense. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of different concentrations of 2.4-D on somatic embryogenesis (SE) induction using transverse thin cell layer (TCL) and non-TCL techniques. A factorial Completely Randomized Design (CRD) was employed, involving two factors: culture technique (TCL and non-TCL) and 2.4-D concentrations (1, 2, 3, and 4 mg L-¹), with four replications for each treatment. Explants were stem segments from 12-month-old D. mussauense plantlets. The highest survival and SE formation rates were observed in non-TCL explants treated with 4 mg L⁻¹ 2.4-D, reaching 75% and 50%, respectively. The earliest shoot and root emergence occurred at 13–14 and 23–25 days, respectively, under the same treatment. SE development in non-TCL explants treated with 2 mg L⁻¹ 2.4-D progressed through globular, scutellar, and coleoptilar stages within two weeks. Overall, 2.4-D concentrations of 2 and 4 mg L-¹ were most effective for SE induction in D. mussauense using both TCL and non-TCL techniques. Keywords: auxin, explant, SE, root induction, shoot induction.]]>
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