<![CDATA[This paper analyzes the implications of the ideas of Zamaksyari Dhofier and Nurcholish Madjid on reforming pesantren education in Indonesian society. To this end, a critical document analysis is conducted using a qualitative approach, evaluating the ideas presented in Tradisi Pesantren and Bilik-bilik Pesantren, supplemented by secondary literature on pesantren modernization. From the findings, it is apparent that the ideas of the reform-minded thinkers present a comprehensive framework for the five main aspects of pesantren (dormitory, mosque, classical texts, students, and kyai leader); the learning of classical texts through "sorogan and bandongan disciplines"; and that the kyai is a quasi-absolute authority, molding the community's moral and social orientation. On the contrary, the ideas of the modernizers center on the futility of the explicitly formulated educational aims and goals; the limitation and weaknesses of the dualistic notions on the religious and "general" sciences; and the need for fundamental reforms in pesantren education in the curriculum, method, organizational, and socio-economic terms. The integration of the ideas on a conceptual framework presents a leadership and curriculum construct that is socially adaptive. This paper offers a new insight into the area of Islamic education as it attempts to reconcile the romance of tradition, as described by Zamakhshari's ideas, with the reformist ideas of Nurcholish. Keywords: Curriculum, Kyai, Pesantren]]>
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