Jambura Journal of Biomathematics (JJBM)
Volume 6, Issue 4: December 2025

Energy and Laplacian Energy of Pythagorean Intuitionistic Fuzzy Graphs with Applications in Medical Diagnosis Networks

Saravanakumar, Anitha (Unknown)
Periyannan, Jayalakshmi (Unknown)
Dhandapani, Prasantha Bharathi (Unknown)
Yahya, Nisky Imansyah (Unknown)



Article Info

Publish Date
31 Dec 2026

Abstract

This study extends fuzzy graph energy analysis by introducing energy and Laplacian energy for Pythagorean Intuitionistic Fuzzy Graphs (PIFGs), a powerful generalization of intuitionistic fuzzy graphs capable of representing higher degrees of uncertainty. A novel connection matrix for PIFGs is defined, and new formulations for energy and Laplacian energy are established, along with sharp lower and upper bounds. Beyond theoretical contributions, the approach is applied to medical diagnosis networks, where vertices represent symptoms,  diagnostic tests,  and diseases,  and edges encode Pythagorean intuitionistic fuzzy relationships. These measures quantify both the overall strength of associations (energy) and their structural irregularity (Laplacian energy), offering interpretable indicators for diagnostic certainty or ambiguity.  The framework provides a robust mathematical basis for decision-making in biomedical contexts where data are uncertain, imprecise, or conflicting.

Copyrights © 2025






Journal Info

Abbrev

JJBM

Publisher

Subject

Computer Science & IT Decision Sciences, Operations Research & Management Mathematics

Description

Jambura Journal of Biomathematics (JJBM) aims to become the leading journal in Southeast Asia in presenting original research articles and review papers about a mathematical approach to explain biological phenomena. JJBM will accept high-quality article utilizing mathematical analysis to gain ...