<![CDATA[Purpose: This study aims to analyse the application of the national resilience concept in mitigating the risk of terrorism in air transportation services for Hajj pilgrims following the bomb threat incident at Kualanamu Airport. Method: The study adopted a desk-based, qualitative research approach that involved document review (articles and reports) and policy analysis. The evaluation took into account how operational procedures, coordination mechanisms, and aviation security governance fit with the concepts of adaptive and integrated national resilience. Results: There is evidence of low operational resiliency arising from inflexible processes, siloed inter-agency coordination and immature security regulation and culture. The consequence is slow service restoration and response to threats. Originality: In disaggregating the concept of national resilience, this article contributes to a readiness to manage aviation terrorism within an adaptive, pan-sector resilience framework. These results highlight policy reform, security governance and technology integration as prerequisites for improving national air transportation resilience.]]>
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