INSPIREE: Indonesian Sport Innovation Review
Vol. 7 No. 01 (2026): Innovative Insights into Physical Performance, Tactical Learning, and Child He

Whistles, Words, and Willpower: How Coach Etiquette Relates to Intrinsic and Extrinsic Sport Motivation among Collegiate Softball And Baseball Athletes

Dimatulac, Olivia (Unknown)
Librando, Ronald (Unknown)
Lim, Jojielyn (Unknown)
Obanon, Jasper (Unknown)
Oalog, Lloyd Neo (Unknown)
Oblima, Rhea Mae (Unknown)



Article Info

Publish Date
27 Jan 2026

Abstract

The  purpose  of  the study. This study examined whether perceived coach etiquette predicts intrinsic and extrinsic sport motivation among collegiate softball and baseball athletes in a selected Philippine university. Materials and methods. A quantitative, descriptive, cross-sectional (non-experimental) design was employed. Forty-five varsity athletes (softball n=23; baseball n=22; female n=23; male n=22) completed a survey packet consisting of (a) a modified Perceived Coach Attitudes and Behaviors Scale (PCABS; 28 items; 4-point response format) to capture coach etiquette-related behaviors and (b) the Sport Motivation Scale-II construct coverage (23 items; 4-point response format) to capture athletes’ motivational regulations. Descriptive statistics summarized perceived etiquette and motivation. Linear regression tested the hypothesized predictive effect of coach etiquette on intrinsic and extrinsic motivation (α=0.05). Results. Athletes perceived coaches’ etiquette as a moderate degree of respect (overall M=3.03). Athletes reported strong sport motivation (overall M=3.69). Regression analyses indicated that coach etiquette did not significantly predict intrinsic motivation (t=0.846, p=0.4023) or extrinsic motivation (t=1.33, p=0.2636). Conclusions. Coach etiquette was positively perceived but did not significantly explain intrinsic or extrinsic motivation in this cohort. Future work should include autonomy-supportive coaching, motivational climate, and psychological need satisfaction as potential mediators/moderators.

Copyrights © 2026






Journal Info

Abbrev

inspiree

Publisher

Subject

Humanities Education Health Professions Public Health Social Sciences

Description

INSPIREE: Indonesian Sport Innovation Review is an journal which provides a focal point for the publication of social science research on Sport and the wide range of associated Sport Education, Sports achievements, Sport history, Sport social, Sport cultural, Sport law, political, sport tourism, ...