<![CDATA[The advancement of aviation technology has significantly enhanced navigation, control systems, avionics, and safety procedures; however, accidents and incidents continue to occur, indicating that technical sophistication alone is insufficient to ensure flight safety. This study aims to analyze the role of human and organizational factors in aviation accidents through a comparative review of international investigation models, particularly the Swiss Cheese Model and the Human Factors Analysis and Classification System (HFACS). Using a qualitative descriptive approach, the study examines conceptual and empirical literature to evaluate each model’s effectiveness in identifying causal relationships and supporting preventive safety strategies. The analysis reveals that while the Swiss Cheese Model remains valuable for illustrating the multilayered defense system in accident causation, it lacks the analytical depth to distinguish between active, latent, and organizational factors. Conversely, HFACS provides a systematic and multi-level structure encompassing unsafe acts, preconditions, supervision, and organizational influences, allowing for comprehensive identification of root causes and systemic vulnerabilities. The integration of HFACS with SHELL/SHELLO frameworks further enhances understanding of interactions among humans, technology, environment, and organizational structures within complex sociotechnical systems. The study concludes that a hybrid approach combining Swiss Cheese for conceptual mapping and HFACS/SHELLO for in-depth systemic analysis is the most effective strategy for modern aviation accident investigations. Such integration supports proactive safety management, continuous improvement, and the development of a sustainable safety culture across all organizational levels in global aviation operations.]]>
Copyrights © 2026
