<![CDATA[In 2022, the amount of Waste Cooking Oil (WCO) in the Java–Bali region was estimated to reach 207 million kiloliters. This poses a significant environmental challenge due to the lack of proper utilization. With the increasing demand for cooking oil in Indonesia, the generation of WCO continues to rise. Low-quality WCO, often traded by street vendors, cannot be reused and must be discarded. Improper disposal into drainage systems leads to long-term problems such as water pollution, soil degradation, greenhouse gas emissions, and contamination of clean water sources. The development of Co/ZrO₂–SO₄ catalysts and optimized conversion processes plays a crucial role in reducing reliance on imported catalysts, particularly for the production of environmentally friendly fuels (green fuels) such as bio-jet fuel. Given the high fatty acid content in WCO, several pretreatment stages are required. This study aims to convert WCO into bio-jet fuel through hydrodeoxygenation and Pyrolytic Catalytic Cracking (PCC) accompanied by isomerization. The PCC process was carried out under atmospheric pressure and relatively mild temperatures. The Co/ZrO₂–SO₄ catalyst was employed to enhance conversion into bio-jet fuel products. In this work, cobalt-dispersed sulfated zirconia nanocatalysts (Co/SZ) were synthesized with varying cobalt loadings (1%, 3%, and 5%). Beyond hydrodeoxygenation and cracking, the catalyst was also applied in the isomerization process. The synthesized catalysts were characterized using FTIR, XRD, SEM, and NH₃-TPD. Meanwhile, the cracking process was conducted at different reactor temperatures (400, 450, 500, and 550 °C), with the resulting products analyzed by BET, XRF, TEM-SAED, and GC-MS.]]>
Copyrights © 2026
