<![CDATA[The growing need for efficient night lighting in natural tourist destinations highlights the importance of reliable and sustainable energy solutions. This study analyzes the optimization of solar-based lighting at Bukit Kunci, Indonesia, using the Open Energy Modelling Framework (OEMOF) combined with real-time monitoring via the IoT ThingSpeak platform. Photovoltaic (PV) panel data recorded at 15-second intervals during February–July 2025, yielding 532,520 records, were cleaned and aggregated as input to model the interaction of PV, batteries, LED lights, inverters, and backup generators, to minimize lifecycle cost and energy loss. Results indicate that the current PV capacity (0.4 kWp) supplies less than 50% of lighting demand, with a high levelized cost of energy (≈9.2 USD/kWh) and low reliability (self-sufficiency 3–22%). Optimization through capacity expansion (≈224 modules, ≈1.25 kWh storage) eliminated load loss probability and reduced LCOE to ≈0.05 USD/kWh. This approach demonstrates OEMOF’s potential to enhance system efficiency, ensure reliable night lighting, and support eco-tourism while offering replicability for rural destinations.]]>
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